Introduction to children and young people

These include rooting, sucking, swallowing, grasping, and stepping ND startle reflex. Babies are helpless when they are born and they don't have very much muscular co-ordination. They are able to focus their eyes very quickly and follow sound from side to side as well as being able to cry and make gurgling sounds Soon the muscles begin to strengthen and babies start to control their movements. This allows them to begin exploring their environment and learn how their world operates. Physical control and co-ordination progress downwards, beginning with the head and moving through the neck, trunk arms and the legs.Muscle control 0-3 years: 2 Months – able to raise head when lying on stomach Months- can grasp objects using whole hand 6 Months- Can sit up without support 8 Months – Can start to crawl 12 Months – can walk without help 18 Months- Can climb stairs and run but often falls 2 Years – Can controls muscles which allow for toilet training and can climb on furniture and kick a ball but not yet catch one 3 Years- can Jump and ride a tricycle Intellectual – means the development of the mind and lets us to recognize, remember, reason, know and understand thing around us.We also develop communication skills which allow us to make ourselves understood and to develop relationships. As children interact with the environment they slowly organism their thoughts and develop a set of Reposes for dealing with the world. These become adapted as new experiences occur giving us all a better understanding of our world. Language development is another part of intellectual development; children should know at least six works by 18 months.Most one-years-olds should be able to name simple objects and by the age of two most are able to put two or three words together into a simple sentence. By the age of three, most speech should be understandable and children should be able to speak in complete sentences. Emotional- at the age of one babies are able to learn about the effect their behavior has on their parents/guardians and can express emotions through tears, laugher and facial expressions At two years of age toddlers are known for their temper tantrums â€Å"terrible two's† as they struggle to express how they feel.They are able to show things to a certain degree, which is often expressed through play. At the age of three, children are more sensitive to others feelings and will share their toys with others and take it in turns to play with toys. They are interested in having friends and his is often when children start nursery or playgroup Social – Social development is similar to emotional development, young children from friendships and tends to show preferences for particular people.Language skills are important in the development of this relationship and, as children develop, they are more able to express their feeling verbally. Contact between ages is part of a normal family life and children benefit f rom spending time with both older and young people. Most children start nursery at this age and this provides an opportunity for them to share time with different age groups. Childhood 3- 11 years physical- growth continues really fast during childhood, although not as fast as in the first three years, and body proportions as beginning to be more adult-like.Gross and fine motor skills are becoming more advanced, like tying shoes, making and decorating a cake, playing football, building a musical instrument, throwing a ball and gymnastics Intellectual – as children get older they are able to do more logical activities. That begins to understand different concepts but often need to actually see concrete objects in order to understand them. As a child progresses through this tag they become fluent in language and may develop a good vocabulary. They become able to construct sentences and use grammar well.Moral development is something that begins during this phase. This is the pr ocess by which children take on rules and expectations of the society in which they brought up and develop a sense of right and wrong Emotional – as children progress through this stage they begin to lose the bounds with their main careers although they still need their support. They begin to be more independent and start to develop a sense of ‘sense' Most of our emotional responses are learned from our parents/guardians.All children learn to control of their emotional Reposes and to resolve conflict and parents/guardians should praise them when this occurs while trying to understand the temper tantrums of frustration that do occur. Children begin to show signs of compassion and empathy and again careers need to encourage this. During this stage children also develop the ability to talk about their feelings. Even at a young age children will say things such as ‘l feel sad' or ‘that makes me happy'. Social- as children develops into social beings they go thro ugh what us termed oscillations.Primary solicitation takes place within the family although there as many different types of family. Relationship with people outside the family becomes more important as children move through this stage. Teenagers 11-19 years Physical- at puberty, chemicals in your body called hormones trigger many changes, including growth spurts and weight increases, and boys and girls begin to change and look different as they grow into young woman and men. Intellectual- ideas about religions and politics may also begin to think about as their minds become more complex. Long term memory develops which enables teens to study for pass exams.Adolescents are able to start thinking about possibilities for both their immediate and long-term futures and plan ahead. Decisions such as whether or not to continue in education or to go out to work may be options for some. Emotional- often teenagers alternate from behaving like children and then behaving as adults. They also o ften feel misunderstood and may challenge parental value, deliberately pushing against boundaries which are often perceived as too restrictive or controlling. Teenagers become less dependent on family for emotional support and urn to their friends for advice, which is called influence of a peer group.Young people want to be accepted by their friends and this can sometimes lead to difficult situations, affecting both self-esteem and self-concept. Social- social and emotional developments are intertwined. As teenagers gain independence, they spend more time with friends. This allows them to practice social skills. As teenagers turn more to their peers they often struggle because they want to be liked. Peer recognition is very important and things like the types of clothes and interest that are followed become significant.Peer pressure can also present difficulties as it can challenge many of the ideas learned from families. This can be a period during which problems can start by exper imenting with alcohol, sexual orientation and attitudes toward education. 2. Know the factors that affect children and young people's development 2. 1 identify the factors that affect children's and young people development to include: Background health environment Income- An income is the amount of money an individual has pay to provide everything they need in there life.This usually comes from paid employment or infinite an individual may receive from the government. Housing- where your life affects a lot of an individual's growth and development, some people live in cities, towns, some live in the suburbs and some live in rural areas. There are different types of places that you live in that can affect your health and wellbeing. Housing standards have improved a lot in the I-J but there are still people who live in poor housing. Environment- as well as the type of home you live in, the local environment and your community also affect your growth and development.Other environmenta l actors can include living in overcrowded areas with no recreation spaces, living close to busy roads which are noisy, living near sources of pollution or living a long way from health and welfare services. Many areas have high crime areas which is very dangerous and stressful Education- education affects development mainly because it affects Job opportunities. Higher educational achievement usually gives individuals more choice of the types of career or employment they can follow in the I-J, education is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16, although many people study ended the age.Culture- people are categorized by themselves and others in different ways for example, race, social class, ethnicity or religion. Sometimes this can lead to stereotyping and people may make generalizations about other based on, for example, the types of clothing they wear. Gender- gender stereotypes as also reinforces by the types of Job people are directed to. For example, the health and social car e sector is mainly staffed by woman although today many more men are choosing Jobs in this area. Once in working there are employment laws against discrimination. 3. Know how to support children and young people's development. . 1 outline different ways to support children and young people's development to include; physical development communication intellectual development social, emotional and behavioral development Play is a big role in children's and young people's development. There are different ways in using language, verbal ways which are to question, clarify, describe, explain and debate. There is also nonverbal ways to communicate, like listening, looking and touching. Talking to your child, tell your child what is going to happen for example now we're going to have a bath.When we are dry, we'll get dressed â€Å"parents can start reading with simple board books and longer stories as their child gets older. Story times where they can use their imagination and have input i n their stories are also effective. Music is also good play to young children; they will interact with the music by dancing and try to sing to the words. When they listen to lively songs or rhymes they learn about the world around them and the rhythm of language. Repeat their statements back to them with correct words. Give your child lots of praise for heir efforts.Physical Children develop at different rates while some are naturally late bloomers and others are ahead, there are things parents can do to encourage and support a child's physical development. Encourage your child to move from one place to another, play games with them, run around a playground or sports field, and climb things. Intellectual Encourage your child to find out what he likes to do and answer your child's questions when you can. As they grow older, many children lose their curiosity. Make sure your child eats well, stay active and gets proper amounts of sleep.Provide an opportunity to learn musical instrumen ts or practice some form of performing arts. Reading will help your child's mind grow. Social, emotional and behavior development Children often struggle with expressing their feelings; they need help knowing how to appropriately manage their feelings. Using language to identify, label and respect. It can also be helpful to tell and show young children other ways to manage like pounding clay, drawing pictures, and telling stories about how they are feeling. Helping to find appropriate ways to express emotions.

The Mississippi Burning: Could the FBI have done more?

Depicted in a 1988 movie and subject of many journals, references, and publications, the Mississippi Burning, otherwise known as the United States vs. Cecil price et. al. case, has been one of the most famous trials in the country. Mississippi Burning revolves around the murder of three civil rights activists in Mississippi, 1964. The victims were Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, and Andy Goodman. The three were in Mississippi to visit the bombed Mt. Zion church, one among the series of twenty black churches bombed on Summer, 1964. In this visit, June 21 of that year, the three were arrested and illegally detained by Deputy Sheriff Cecil Price. It was also Price who turned the three over to the Ku Klux Klan, in a scripted â€Å"release† for the three with the KKK. The bodies of the three, beaten and shot, were found in a dam almost two months after on August 4. (Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology, n.d.) The Ku Klux Klan Racists, terrorists, anti-Semitists—the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) have been called many names from their conception in the 1800s. The Klan started out as a group promoting white supremacy. From their beginnings, they have used terrorism, intimidation, and cross burning against African Americans. While they were successfully suppressed, the KKK has found itself reincarnated by modern followers in the 1920s. This second KKK was also suppressed, but was revived when the Civil Rights Movement was activated in the 1960s. The 60s found the Ku Klux Klan of Mississippi associated with crimes against the civil rights activists, most especially in favor of the Black people. The Ku Klux Klan were found guilty, in federal records, for the assassination of Medgar Evers in 1963, as well as in the well-known trial against Cecil Price for the KKK murder of Schwerner, Chaney, and Goodman. The series of bombings of black churches were also accounted to the members of the KKK. Cross burnings throughout this period was also rampant. (Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology, n.d.) According to The Ku Klux Klan (n.d.), the most prominent KKK movement in the 60s was the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, founded by Robert Shelton, who was reported to have heavily employed lynching (mob killing) to discourage black people from voting, in contrary to the Mississippi Summer Project encouraging blacks to vote. Schools, homes and white people supporting the movement have also been victimized by the KKK’s lynching and other forms of intimidation. This acts of intimidation, murder, assassination, manslaughter, and were not â€Å"invented† by the 1960’s KKK of Mississippi. Rather, they are renditions of the original KKK’s acts in the 1800s. The FBI and the 1960’s Racist Violence Behind the successes and failures of the racial discrimination cases in the 1960s, most especially in the South, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) plays a big role. The same case goes in a much publicized case as that of the Mississippi Burning, which interrelates several different racism cases of burning, murder, and civil rights infringements in Mississippi into one highly sensationalized court proceeding. The FBI, though, uses no special means in investigating racist violence at the time. In fact, FBI has had secrets of its own. Glick (n.d.) asserts that the FBI has its way of infiltrating movements in the 1960s, including black movements. In his text, Glick suggests that the FBI has COINTELPRO or counter intelligence program which uses otherwise illegal means of investigation such as infiltration, deception, and harassment to dissolve movements. The main targets were said to be Black movements. Thus, police racism has been existent. There is no known concrete relation between the COINTELPRO and the Mississippi Burning case, however. Could the FBI have done more? 1960s was a period without the present technology that FBI enjoys. FBI investigators had standard procedures to follow, and there is no concrete evidence that they infringed any of these procedures. The Mississippi Burning case was one that has been trialed by the public before the court. Everybody knew who were guilty. Everybody believed Cecil Price and the KKK were to be convicted. That, then the evidences and witnesses affirmed. Thus, the FBI was sufficient and efficient in this respect. However, there are many other cases racism violence and civil rights violation, most of which were not publicized. The FBI has been passive in dealing with these cases. Police racism existed, and if it were true the COINTELPRO worsened the events. The FBI could have devised a special plan to implement anti-racism violence statutes to support the Civil Rights Movement that was active at that time, as it was no ordinary time. Then, it will be known that the FBI has done enough. References Glick, B. (n.d.) COINTELPRO revisited: spying and disruption. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/cointelpro-methods.html Ku Klux Klan, The. (n.d.) Ku Klux Klan. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm Mississippi Burning Trial. (n.d.) Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/price&bowers/miss_chrono.html   

Nutrition and Health in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nutrition and Health in America - Essay Example The physical education programs which are introduced at the school level don't offer sufficient physical activities which could keep a child healthy. So in their grooming ages like at the age of 5 they are not groomed well by their physical health trainers. And parents even don't account the importance of physical education programs and they are only concerned about the academic activities of their children. Unfortunately the schools don't pay attention towards this serious matter and they take physical education program as an optional task for the students. They feel that they are only responsible to polish student's mental abilities and to train them to get good grades. The fact is that if the students are physically fit they can produce even more positive outcome. A well know proverb also says that "health is wealth" .If you are healthy then only you can contribute towards good and can perform better. This is plenty evidence to turn around the educational policies. For example like mathematics and reading, the physical education should be made compulsory to pass the grade. It should be given its due importance like the other subjects as it grooms the personality of the child and takes him towards fitness as well as good grades. Americans like to spend their leisure time in front of televisions, computers, electronic games etc. But some forces are trying to divert their attention towards the fact that exercise can bring health benefits for people belong to any age group and both genders. American Heart Association has also taken step by giving awareness that the exercise could keep people away from heart problems. The opportunities to take part in marathon, cycle races and walks are being introduced by different charity fund raisers. It also plays role to motivate people to take part in such activities which could fulfill the need of exercise. The laws and regulations have also played its part in it. The walk paths are created for people to encourage going by walk wherever they want to go and not by motored transportation. Pilates, yoga and other gentler activities are becoming popular among the people and attaining their attention towards them. World's population on the world sports reveled that the participants were growing in many sports which were above 45. Now days the events are specifically arranged for the people who belong to age group of 45 and above. They participate in such activities and pass their leisure time instead of watching televisions as they used to generation ago. Now its time for parents and the education policy makes to take corrective action and should realize the importance of the physical education in the early ages of child. Parents should encourage their children to carry outdoor activities and to participate in such games which offer exercise .So that their adult ones could be able to develop immunity against different life taking diseases.Work cited: British Journal of Nutrition (2008), 99, suppl.1, S26-S32 The author

Writting a letter to the president Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writting a letter to the president - Essay Example While I was watching the movie, I kept thinking of my own country, Korea. It reminded me a lot about my own people’s similar experience under the Japanese, who still denies the allegation even until now. In addition, it did not help that the Korean government was not trying their best to prove it. Nevertheless, I believe people ought to be aware that instances like these happened, and is probably still happening albeit subtly, in countries like Canada, Korea and even in the United States. I am writing to the President of Korea, hoping to accomplish 2 things: first is to ask him to watch the same movie and get the picture of how the First Nations people in Canada have been treated; and second is to make him see the bigger picture of it all – the similar (but under different circumstances) situation that Korea has experienced. When, hopefully, he does see this things, he will also realize that cases like these have to be stopped and prevented, even and most especially in this present generation. Hello. My name is Seungeun Lee and I a Korean who loves my country so much. It would be such an honor to talk and propose my thought with you. Please listen to this young student as everyone knows you are a wise leader. I have been a student in Canada for four years now. While I am studying here, I found the story about the First Nation in Canada. It is interesting because they had been through the struggle time as the Koreans. And while people are learning about what happened to them through books, there is this one movie that I think will also let us see a glimpse of the experiences of the First Nation in Canada. The movie is entitled Where the Spirit Lives, and if you watch this you will see what I am talking about. Basically, the First Nation in Canada was forced to lose their identity by Canadian government during 1930’s. The government thought that they were uncivilized and doing a favor for them, when all the while was that they were destroying them. In

Concepts of Supply and Demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Concepts of Supply and Demand - Essay Example Figure 1.0 below shows in detail what the elasticity of demand portends for the price and quantity of a given item as a function of graphic analysis. Of course it cannot always be understood that price elasticity of demand will be a primal motivating factor (Fouquet, 2012). Due to the fact that the market for many goods and services has a very inelastic price elasticity of demand, the actual level of demand that consumers express bears little relation to the price that is being offered for the commodity. Figure 1.0 Source: Marban, Zwaan, Grigoriev, Hiller, & Vredeveld, 2012 This particular graph is indicative of an elastic demand curve. It is important to bear in mind that the demand curve is not steeply sloping; rather, it exhibits a gradual decline as price fluctuates. Naturally, determinants such as consumer time horizon will greatly impact the total elasticity that is represented in the above representation by elongating and flattening the demand curve as a result of the fact tha t the consumer believes that the cost is likely to change within the near future (Chai & Moneta, 2010). Similar changes to the demand curve will also be noted if/when changes to the consumer’s income are noted and/or if the availability of substitutes weakens or strengthens the demand that has hitherto been illustrated. Cross price elasticity Similarly, â€Å"cross price elasticity† is a term that is used to measure the responsiveness of the demand for a given good to the change in price of a competing good. This level of change is given as a percentage point and is derived as a function of measuring the percentage change in price of the secondary good/commodity (Marban, Zwaan, Grigoriev, Hiller & Vredeveld, 2012). As a quick example, if the price of shipping were to increase by 10% and the price of the finished good itself were to decrease by 25%, the following formula would be used to calculate the cross price elasticity of the given good: -25/10= -2.5. In this way, the reader can see the level to which competing goods/commodities play with relation to the elasticity of demand for a given product within the marketplace (Khan, 2012). An important fact to note is that the question of whether the cross price elasticity is positive or negative denotes whether or not the given good/commodity in question is either complimentary or supplementary of the primary good. Negative cross elasticity means that two products are compliments whereas a positive means that they are supplementary to each other. Figure 2.0 represents the graphical interpretation of cross price elasticity. Figure 2.0 Source: Arak & Spiro, 1973 Income elasticity Thirdly, this brief analysis will consider the term â€Å"income elasticity.† This can be described as the responsiveness of demand for a given good or service to the change in the overall income of the individuals who are demanding the item. In much the same way as the previous term was calculated, income elasticity is calculated as the percentage change in the demand as compared to the percentage change in the income of the affected consumer base (Fouquet, 2012). In this way, the observer could calculate a 10% increase in income as compared to the demand for a good increasing by 20% as 20%/10%=2. Figure 3.0 illustrates the decreasing demand for a product as a function of reducing incomes of the affected population that would otherwise serve as the primary consumers of the given good/service/commodity. Figure 3.0 Sources: Fouquet, 2012 Increases in consumer spending/income would

Current Events in Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Current Events in Macroeconomics - Essay Example They are especially critical of many levels of government intervention, including the proposed guest worker program. The two concur in many areas, including the fact that despite the illegality of this immigration, it benefits the economic status we enjoy by having the illegal immigrants take positions which are those others would not take in service industries like housekeeping and landscaping and other such jobs. The two also state that there are many pluses, including the fact that taxes are often paid by these illegal immigrants. The negatives, unfortunately, are also easily seen, including the use of public education, fire and police protection, and all forms of government assistance including Medicaid, Food Stamps and other such assistance. The overall concept for this article is encompassing human factors, how humanity affects the economy. In this particular case, how the migration and immigration of people affects a particular economy in both good and bad ways. This is subjec t to a great deal of debate as to whether or not such immigration would be of benefit and whether the attempts to change the idea would be of any economic merit. In the Economy section David Wessel writes in A Tricky Move for the Fed, Wall Street Journal June 24, 2006 issue, that the decision to change the interest rate up or down is a tricky proposition in current economic times. The reason for this is that finding an appropriate level of balance is equally as tricky as regaining it once balance has been lost. In the case of current economic standings with inflation on the rise and a slowing economy it's a question of which fire would be the most urgent one to fight. Raising rates could slow the economy and cause a recession, something they don't want; lowering it too much might cause inflation to raise exponentially, also not something favorable in the eyes of economists. Consideration in either case causes concern in the employment factor, the consumer factor is also at issue and then we must also consider how they interact within the economy. Mark Whitehouse reveals, in the piece done in the June 26, 2006 Wall Street Journal titled A Housing Slowdown Can Put the Brakes on a Job Sector but Open Other Opportunities, that the housing boom which our country has been enjoying may be coming to an end and this end makes the appearance of a bad thing. In actuality, the revelations found within this potentially devastating slowdown, could in fact bring about benefits at first unseen. "From a macroeconomic perspective, the housing slowdown, and the attendant slowing of job growth, could be just what the economy needs."1 In essence, the fact that houses are not selling as swiftly as they can be built or as swiftly as someone needs to be transferred may actually prove beneficial in other areas of the economic landscape. This change can further cause a rise in movement elsewhere within the macroeconomic landscape, continuing the cycle that will bring economic relief. Isabelle Lindenmayer writes about the state of the US dollar in her article Dollar is to Enter an Unsteady Week Ahead of Fed Move. As in most cases, the dollar will have its good days and bad days on the market in regard to value, and on occasion, the Fed can influence those good and bad days. In an analysis of expert opinions, two factors,

Antitrust Legislation in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Antitrust Legislation in the USA - Essay Example The company had employed predatory strategies to ensure that other market players cannot operate freely without considerably favoring Microsoft.   In identifying instances of antitrust violations, the Free Trade Commission (FTC) is responsible for determining whether a given market player has, either intentionally or unintentionally, manipulated the market to either mitigate or limit entry of competitors into the market (Hylton, 2003). The FTC has the duty of quantifying to what extent the given market player has violated the freedom of entry into the market. FTC controls this by regulating the issuance of patents and enforcing the legality of these patients.   The Stark Act prevents antitrust within healthcare by ensuring that physician referrals of certain DHS (Designated Health Services) for Medicaid and Medicare patients cannot be executed if, and only if the physician in question or an immediate or close relative of the physician has a vested financial affiliation with the patient in question. (Leslie, 2011) This ensures that physicians cannot refer one patient from one medical institution to another if they stand to gain financially. Similarly, the Anti-Kickback law has made it illegal to refer a patient to another Medicaid or Medicare-covered services and receiving financial compensation   In conclusion, the main aim of the antitrust legislation is to identify instances where one market player has immense market power to the point where they control and manipulate the market to gain abnormal profits and limit access into the given market or industry.

Inequalities Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Inequalities - Speech or Presentation Example If an individual BMI is between 17 and 22, then his/her life span might be longer than the average. If an individual BMI is between 23 and 25, then the individual is probably not overweight. If an individual BMI is equal to or greater than 26, then he/she is probably overweight and statistically likely to have lower life expectancy. If an individual BMI is between 25 and 29.9, then the individual is overweight and if BMI is equal to or greater than the 30, then the individual is obese (Dugopolski, 2012). Therefore, an individual who has the same height as mine and who weigh above 180.3 pounds is obese and will face serious problems in their life. Although, this interval theoretically extends to positive infinity, however, the weight of a human is eventually self-limiting. Then S = {w | w > 150.25 and w ≠¤ 180.30} where w represents the weight of the individual. Because the weight is between 150.25 and 180.30 (including), ‘w’ has to be larger than the smaller number (150.25) and smaller or equal to the larger number (180.30). In interval notation, this would be written as follows: X = (150.25, 180.30]. Left side parenthesis ‘(‘ and right side square bracket ‘]’ is used because of the > and ≠¤ symbols from the inequality. This demonstrates that 150.25 is not included in the solution set, however, 180.30 is included in the solution set. In conclusion, inequality can be used for determining weight range for individual for being normal weight, overweight and obese based on the body mass index (BMI). An individual of height 65 inches who weigh between 150 pounds and 180 pounds will be considered as overweight and weight greater than 180 pounds will be considered as obese. Both of these scenarios could results in shorter life span than average for the

Welding Thin Materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Welding Thin Materials - Essay Example A filler metal and an inert gas shielding are used to guard the weld region from contamination. In my opinion, the vice president of manufacturing is right. Although TIG welding is excellent and suitable for all metals, it is an expensive process and is limited to level welding. On the other hand, SMAW is advantageous in several ways, for instance; its equipment is simple and portable, is of low cost, it is appropriate for out-of-position welding and has a broad range of electrodes. For these reasons, SMAW is the most prevalent welding method globally. The main limitation of the SMAW process is that it causes metal burn-through, especially in thin wall tubing and sheets. However, if the following precautions are taken, it is possible to avoid metal burn-through. First, electrodes of suitable size should be used. It is important to note that big electrodes are intended for welding at great deposition levels. Welders normally use the largest electrode that is reasonable for their particular application and produces weld that is of good quality. However, when welding thin wall steel, it is advisable to limit the electrode size to prevent metal burn-through. Second, steel that is SMAW friendly should be used, in order to make the welding process simpler. The ideal steels to use are AISI-SAE 1015 to 1025 with a maximum of 0.035 percent sulfur and 0.1 percent silicon content. These steels are possible to weld at fast speeds with minimum metal burn through. Steels that contain high phosphorous and sulfur contents are not suitable to use. In cases where they are the only type available, low-hydrogen electrodes with small diameters should be used (Guide & Sa dler, 2009). Third, joint position and electrode should be carefully matched with the metal. Joint position normally influences the quality of a finished weld. When working with 10- to 18-gauge sheet steel, the quickest travel speeds are

Porple Essay Example for Free

Porple Essay Differentiate among the various types of information systems. Checkpoint Types of Information Systems Compile a list of the various information systems used in your organization or an organization with which you are familiar. Describe the designed function of each. Identify whether the systems are being used effectively. Day 3 Individual The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Paper Resources: Ch. 2 of Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems and the University of Phoenix Material: Application Software Review the Center for Writing Excellence. Write a 700- to 1 ,050-word paper describing how information systems are changing various aspects of the accounting profession. Include a description of several new technologies and their effects on accounting processes. Discuss how these technologies have changed the way accounting is performed in your organization or in an organization of your choice. Cite at least two sources in your paper. Follow guidelines in the Center tor Writing Excellence. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Day 7 1303. 1 Identify major hardware components. 3. 2 Explain the use of accounting software applications. Reading Read Ch. 2 of Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems. Read Ch. 11 of Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems. Read Ch. 12 of Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems. Read this weeks Electronic Reserve Readings.

Think Global, Act Local Agenda

Think Global, Act Local Agenda In this assignment, I will present my views on Think global, act local by giving different examples from different companies. Globalization means developing standardized products marketed world wide with a standardized marketing mix, Essence of mass marketing. Global localization means mixing standardization and adaptation/ customization in a way that minimizes costs while maximizing customer. Product adaptation means customer tests differ, inadequate customer purchasing power, Poor maintenance standards, Local labour costs, General level of technical skills and Product standardization these are the main factors of Think global, act local agenda. 2. Executive Summary :- As example if we see Honda company worlds largest motorcycle Company since 1948 by Soichiro Honda. It produces a broad variety of products ranging from scooters to sports car, and remains on the important edge by providing products of the highest quality that generate new values, at a reasonable price, for international customer satisfaction. In addition, the company also produces cleaner. In its aim to protect the environment, Honda has long-lasting their line up of mixture models, by hire of Japan and the United States of the FCX, which is fuel cell vehicle developed in -house, incorporating the companys inventive next-generation fuel cell stack. Honda increased its sales by introducing new models in the light truck sector in the China, United Status and Europe. Honda responding to the high requires of diesel-powered vehicles, and continues to make bigger and achieve remarkable development with the high profile of the Honda brand. As mentioned, Honda has a huge number of suppliers. Honda continually builds and maintains their relationship for the profit of the company and the consumers. This relationship also leads to supplier development, in terms of perceiving their work and in doing business with Honda. 3. Body Paragraphs :- 3.1 ) Resources Required for Globalisation : Excess capacity : Financial Physical Knowledge Resources 3.2 ) Concept of Think global, act local : There are lots of new things that company have to do to be stable in competitive global environment. People who works in company must be give confidence to become more practical and more globally oriented. Global purchaser must be met at their home local, to find out specific local needs. And the company must respond by adapting products to meet those local requirements. In present situation, markets are global, and the resources to serve those markets have to be global. The companies those are able to design globally for contracted local requirements will produce their growth and success. Presently, customer in different parts of the world doesnt want unfocused products, but rather, products that meet their basic needs. The vision of Honda includes Value Creation and sets them apart from other companies by following their beliefs. It aims to focus on the customer, being artistic, respecting fresh ideas and considerate that change is good. Hondas philosophy is different from other companies. It is based on the concept of the challenging spirit in the company chief. It intends to maintain an international viewpoint, in dedication to supplying products of the highest capability at a reasonable price for worldwide customer satisfaction. This goal of Honda is achieved by setting high expectations for its suppliers. This viewpoint is being perpetuated by evaluating the total cost of their product, improving its excellence by extensive research and cooperation and focusing on the needs of their customers. 3.2 ) Examples of Think global, act local : In March 2000 Douglas Daft, CEO of coca-cola, announced that the next big evolutionary step for the company would be going limited. Coca-Cola popular all over the world and became global company at a time when the market was challenging greater flexibility, responsiveness and local sensitivity. Coke is instituting a strategy of Think local, act global by putting bigger decision making in the hands of confined of local managers. MC Donalds corporation is the major chain of fast-food restaurant in the world. MC Donalds specializes in hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks. MC Donalds is famed in 119 countries of the world. The method which used by MC Donalds in entering overseas market was Think global, act local describes the aim which MC Donalds follow in overseas countries. For example, in Germany, some MC Donalds outlets offer beer to adult customer. A Maggi noodle is a brand instant noodle pretend by nestle. The brand is popular in India, South Africa, Brazil, Nepal, New Zealand, Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Pakistan and the Philippines etc. It is also known as magi mee. Maggi noodles are part of the Maggie family. A Nestle brand produces immediate soups, stocks, and noodles with more than 15 flavours in stock. It is widely tasted well-liked is Original Maggie flavour. It is still one of the most extensively eaten flavours of Maggi. There are some other flavours like Chicken, Cheese, Ata, Rice, Masala and Tomato which are very accepted. In fact in India Maggi Noodles is recognized as a sort of products known as Instant noodles. Starbucks is a global company of coffee chain based in Seattle, Washington, United States. Starbucks is the biggest coffeehouse company in the world. There are 17,133 stores in 49 countries. Starbucks sells drip brewed coffee, espresso-based hot drinks, coffee beans, salads, hot and cold sandwiches, pastry, snacks, and items such as mugs and tumblers. From Starbucks beginning in later forms in Seattle as a local coffee bean roaster and retailer. The company grow rapidly. In the 1990s, Starbucks was opening a new store all over workday, a pace that continued into the 2000s. Starbucks has been a target of protests on issues such as fair-trade policies, labour, relation, ecological collision, political views, and anti-competitive practices. These are the different companies examples which followed Think global, act local strategy and by the time they become popular globally. These companies researched local cultures needs, test and they modify their product according them so these companies become popular world wide. There are so many companies in the market which follows this agenda and growing by the time. 3.3 ) Global Strategy : The company chooses to treat the different markets in the whole world as a single market, with the postulation that consumers in different countries are similar regardless of the geographical locator and the culture. Global strategy is a translation of the concept of standardization of marketing strategy across different markets around the world. But the culture differences between countries and the existence of country specific factors must not be ignored by the company. Hence, adaptation is still necessary for effective global. Therefore Think global, act local is suitable. A global strategy makes no distinction (that is, standardization) between domestic and foreign markets. The global marketing company treats all the target markets of the world on an equi-distance basis. This is a geocentric orientation. 3.4 ) Benefits Of Global Strategy : Use of the global strategy levers can achieve one or more of four major categories of potential globalisation benefits: Cost reductions Improved quality of products and programs Enhanced customer preference Increased competitive leverage 3.5 ) Localization : Localization is the procedure of adapting a product to a particular language, culture, and desired local look-and-feel. Ideally, a creation is developed so that localization is easy to achieve- for example, MC Donalds serves only non-vegetarian is available all over the world but still in India MC Donalds serves vegetarian. This is called localization. Internationalized manufactured goods are easier to localize. In localizing a product, in addition to natural language translation, such detail as time zones, money, national holidays, local colour sensitivities, product, gender roles, and geographic examples must all be considered. A productively localized service or product is one that appears to have been developed within the local culture. 3.6) Standardization : A marketing strategy that is standardized for use throughout the world by customers feedback and response. The strategy assumes that the behaviour of many consumers in the world has become very similar, so general positive things which is most likely attract the all customers they have to critical analyse and take care so that the demand of product will increase and thats the reason these days the every organization have its own research and development (RD) department so that after the customer feedback they will try to maintain the product standards and modify as per their suggestions and feedbacks. 3.7) Adaptation : The adaptation strategy is actually different components of their marketing strategies in foreign markets compared with their domestic markets and how such adaptation decisions influence the firms competitive positions and performance in global markets. It also helps to conceptualize that adaptation of a marketing-mix component is a determined process that is influenced by a firms pervious history of adaptation strategy, and they investigate the significance of that marketing-mix component to the firms success. The adaptation process helps also define a firms competitive advantage, which in turn affects its performance in the foreign market and globalization markets. This also increases the productivity and demand of the product. 3.8) The Four Drivers Of Global Marketing : Fall in tariffs (import taxes) and removal of non-tariff trade barrier (quota/maximum import quantity) encourage more exporters around the world to market their goods overseas. E.g. WTO ( World Trade Organization) encourages import and export trade among countries. Competition expands beyond national boundaries (within one country) to global competition as each exporting competition seeks a bigger market. Consumers needs across the globe have increasingly become more similar. For example, more consumers in Asia need Korean products like movies, TV shows, music videos, cars, food, etc Investment by a company in I.T. (Information Technology) to produce products is more economically viable for products that are marketed globally. It is simple too costly for a company to use expensive I.T. in production just to market the product in one country (domestic market) E.g. Producing the Hollywood movie Avatar that was a hot worldwide. 3.9) The Factors Which Competitive Strength : The application of latest technology. The contribution to total profit margin. The ability to effectively conduct market. The service quality of distribution channels. The quality of the product and related services. The extent to which the product fit the needs of customer. The positioning and image building of the products. 3.10) Factors Which Make a Potential Foreign Market : Favourable economic conditions. Promising market growth potential. Stable political situation. Total market size is sufficiently large. There is limited or no competition at present. Rules and regulations set by the local government are acceptable to the company. There is no strong barrier to entry in to the foreign market. 4. Conclusion :- In conclusion, I would like to conclude that the globalisation, based upon a multicultural mixture of diverse groups and social movements. It is reshaping the world. Public relation professionals need to prepare to work globally. Support globally and understand the big global picture. Globalisation renders extraneous traditional borders, boundaries and marketplace definitions for most businesses and non-profit. If the local markets getting better and better in operations that ultimately effect globally, so the general perspective from all the mentioned above examples like MC Donalds, Coca-cola, Maggie, Starbucks etc they work on Think global act local strategy which makes them a top rent in their respective categories like food, cold-drinks etc.

The Human Brain Vs. The Computer :: essays research papers

The Human Brain vs. the Computer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the millennia, Man has come up with countless inventions, each more ingenious than the last. However, only now, as the computer arises that mankind's sentience itself is threatened. Ridiculous, some may cry, but I say look about you! The computer has already begun to hold sway over so many of the vital functions that man has prided himself upon before. Our lives are now dependent upon the computer and what it tells you. Even now, I type this essay upon a computer, fully trusting that it will produce a result far superior to what I can manage with my own to hands and little else.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has been commonly said that the computer can never replace the human brain, for it is humans that created them. Is this a good reason why the computer must be inferior to humans? Is it always true that the object cannot surpass its creator? How can this be true? Even if we just focus on a single creation of man, say the subject of this essay, the computer, there are many ways in which the computer has the edge over man. Let us start with basic calculation. The computer has the capability to evaluate problems that man can hardly even imagine, let alone approach. Even if a man can calculate the same problems as a computer, the computer can do it far faster than he can possibly achieve. Let us go one step further. Say this man can calculate as fast as a computer, can he, as the computer can, achieve a 100% rate of accuracy in his calculation? Why do we now go over the human data entry into a computer when a mistake is noticed instead of checking the computer? It is because computers now possess the ability to hold no error in its operation, where mankind has not advanced in this area in any noticeable margin. Why do you think the words 'human error' and 'to err is human' have become so popular in recent years? It is because the failings of the human race are becoming more and more exposed as the computer advances and becomes more and more omnipotent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps the computer is not truly a competitor with the human brain but rather its ideal. After all, the computer is far superior to the human brain in those aspects where the brain is weakest. It is perhaps the attempt of the human brain to attain perfection after realising its own weaknesses. If you think about it carefully, do those who use the computer not use it supplement

Scarlet Letter Essay -- Essays Papers

Scarlet Letter The Puritan Beliefs As Told Through The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne was not a Puritan. But Hawthrone’s forefathers were Puritans, so he had an understanding of their belief system and their basis behind it. He stated that he hoped the sins of his forefathers had been forgiven. Hoping to expose those ideas which he understood, yet despised, Hawthorne purposely presented many important Puritan beliefs as import aspects to the Scarlet Letter. In the Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne addresses three main Puritan beliefs: providence, predestination, and the strict code of ethics that the settlers of New Englanders lived by. The first main Puritanical belief Hawthorne referred to was the belief in divine providence. The Puritans believed that God granted providence, the right to enter heaven upon one’s death, to people who were moral and performed meaningful deeds while on earth. The main example of God granting providence is in chapter 8 when Hester visits the governor concerning Pearl. "†¦ The young minister’s argument†¦[that] the child had saved [Hester] from Satan’s snare" (100). Surly if God did not want Hester to enter His kingdom upon her passing, He certainly would’ve allowed Pearl to be taken and Hester to enter the forest with Mistress Gibbons. A second example of providence in the Scarlet Letter is when Dimmesdale is dying on the scaffold. He claims that the "burning torture upon his breast" (226) and the "dark and terrible old man" (226) ...

The American Education System; Cause For Rebellion :: essays research papers fc

The American Education System; Cause for Rebellion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If America's Schools are to meet the needs of the twenty first century, they must be reinvented. It is not enough to try to fix the schools; they must be reconstructed in both fundamental and radical ways. The school system must be restructured. The future of the American public school system is significant because the maintenance of an informed and productive citizenry is vital to the future of this country. Historically Americans have strongly asserted the importance of public schools in a democracy and despite growing disdain for the perceived value of the school system, public schools remain central to democracy in the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For more than a century, America's public schools have been an indispensable source of the country's strength. Public education has allowed citizens to become productive members of society by providing them with the skills and knowledge necessary for the labor force. Schools prepare students to be literate, informed and reasoning citizens. According to Philip Schlechty, author of Schools for the twenty-first century, â€Å"Public schools are the ties that bind this pluralistic society into a nation. Our Nation's thirty-sixth president, Lyndon B. Johnson, also believed that there is no institution more fundamental to American society and democracy than its public schools.†(36)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public schools are the cornerstone of America's future. The development of youth's knowledge, skills and social dispositions has always been critical to the country's success. In the next century, America's youth will play an increasingly important role in the country's survival and well-being. By the year 2025, one out of five Americans will be 65 or older, and by the year 2040, one out of four Americans will be 65. In less than 15 years, the first baby boomers will reach the age of 65 (Peterson 64). It is clear that the economic success of America will be in the hands of youth to unprecedented extent. It is time to invest in education in order to maintain the American way of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the competitive knowledge-based world of the twenty-first century, the education of America's youth will be more important than ever. More responsibility will be placed on schools because of greater diversity in classrooms, languages, preparedness, motivation, and the dynamics of the future workplace. Schools also must assume more responsibility because of increasing enrollment. Entering the 1996-1997 school year, there is an all time high enrollment of 51.7 million students in public schools throughout the country (Good 6). Because of enhanced enrollment and technological advances, there is more material that needs to be taught if students are to be competitive and productive in the future job market.

MRI Applications Imaging Knee Joint Health And Social Care Essay

The articulatio genus articulation is one of the most complicated articulations in the human organic structure. Because the articulatio genus is so vulnerable in many respects, it is besides the most normally injured articulation, particularly in the younger, athletic population. As a consequence of the enormous emphasiss applied on the constructions of the articulatio genus during athletic activities, articulatio genus hurts are besides the taking cause of long-run disablement of jocks ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . In add-on to other imaging modes such as computing machine imaging, ultrasound and general skiagraphy, magnetic resonance imagination ( MRI ) is now normally used to picture the complex anatomy and pathological findings of one of the most of import joint articulations in our organic structures ( Harper et al 2005 ) . The cause of internal mental unsoundnesss of the articulatio genus can run from athleticss activities to effects of devolution. Arthroscopy was the primary method used to accomplish a comprehensive rating of articulatio genus joint constructions before MRI became widely available. In comparing to MRI imagination, the arthroscopic process is both invasive and expensive. With the outgrowth of MRI as a powerful diagnostic tool, arthroscopies are no longer routinely used to name internal articulation constructions. Alternatively, it is now more normally used for curative benefits, and to clear up inconclusive findings ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . MRI has contributed mostly to the basic apprehension and clinical diagnosing of assorted hurts and conditions impacting the articulatio genus. The different constructions in the articulatio genus can be visualized in great item on different MRI pulsation sequences.MeniscusThe semilunar cartilage are made up of fibrocartilaginous constructions that a ttach to the condylar surface of the shinbone. The median semilunar cartilage remainders on the interior of the articulatio genus, whilst the sidelong semilunar cartilage lies on the exterior of the articulatio genus. Meniscal hurts are one of the most common causes of articulatio genus hurting and disablement ( Alatakis & A ; Naidoo 2009 ) . Acute meniscal hurts are normally caused by either valgus emphasis with external rotary motion or varus emphasis with internal rotary motion of the articulatio genus. Patients with meniscal harm normally experience hurting and swelling as their primary symptoms. Other common ailments include joint-locking, starting and snaping within the articulatio genus, or the inability to wholly unbend the articulation. Harmonizing to Feller ( 2002 ) , additive, complex, or diffuse increased signal strength within the semilunar cartilage and communicate with an articular surface are declarative of meniscal cryings on MR images. Meniscal cryings may be descr ibed in assorted ways, which include horizontal cleavage, radial, parrot beak, peripheral or perpendicular, flap, bucket-handle, meniscocapsular separation, complex, and macerated ( Feller 2002 ) . Grenier ( 2004 ) describes the normal semilunar cartilage as a semi-circle of gristle and collagen fibers that appear as low, homogeneous signals with wedged-shape profiles on all MRI sequences, and ‘bow-tie ‘ profiles on sagittal pieces ( Figure 1 ) . Younger patients may look to hold intrasubstance signal around the peripheral border on the scans. This happening is sometimes mistaken for a tear. However, the signal is more frequently showing vascularity, non pathology. Although the axial plane can be used to expose meniscal construction, everyday axial images at 4 to 5mm may be excessively thick to show meniscal pathology. Harmonizing to Fox ( 2007 ) , a piece thickness of about 3 to 4 millimeter is more ideal in showing a meniscal tear in the axial plane. The anterior and posterior horns of the median and sidelong semilunar cartilages are best demonstrated on sagittal pieces, whilst coronal images best show the meniscal organic structures. Hence, the semilunar cartilage are best evaluated on the sagittal and coronal planes. High spacial declaration and an optimized signal/noise ratio ratio are besides required to supply accurate visual image of the semilunar cartilage. At our pattern, PD- weighted fast spin-echo images are preferred for meniscal rating as they can show the assorted classs of meniscal cryings or devolution. Meniscal hurts are frequently accompanied by secondary pathologies of the articulatio genus. Fat impregnation is besides appli ed in the PD sequences to visualise any presence of ligamentous hurts and bone marrow hydrops ( Harper et al 2005 ) . Figure 1. T1-weighted sagittal image of the right articulatio genus showing the normal ‘bowtie ‘ visual aspect of the sidelong semilunar cartilage ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . Meniscal cysts can frequently do marks and symptoms consistent with typical meniscal pathology, and include swelling, hurting, tenderness, limited mobility, and a tangible mass. They are normally unstable aggregations that have resulted from the peripheral borders of horizontal cleavage cryings or complex cryings of the semilunar cartilage. Meniscal cysts besides tend to be more normally associated with cryings in the sidelong semilunar cartilage, and are by and large accompanied by lateralizing joint line tenderness ( Feller 2002 ) . Harmonizing to Grenier & A ; Wessely ( 2004 ) , the cystic mass normally appears with low signal strength on T1-weighted images, but has increased signal strength on T2-weighted MR images. Meniscal cysts can look in all imagination planes, but are best demonstrated in axial and coronal images.Ligaments: Cruciate & A ; CollateralLigamentous hurts of the articulatio genus are common happenings among jocks. The constructions that function as the chief stab ilizers of the normal articulatio genus joint consist of four chief ligaments ; the medial and sidelong collateral ligaments, every bit good as the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) and posterior cruciate ligament ( PCL ) ( Tham et al 2008 ) . The most often injured ligament in the articulatio genus is the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) . The ACL ‘s primary maps are to forestall anterior interlingual rendition of the tibia relation to the thighbone, limit rotary motion of the shinbone when the articulatio genus is in extension, and bound varus and valgus emphasis when the medial and sidelong collateral ligaments are injured. Cryings of the ACL are normally caused by valgus emphasis or hyperextension, and normally occur in featuring activities that involve changeless acceleration and slowing ( Berquist 2001 ) . Although best demonstrated in the sagittal position, the normal ACL appears as a thick set of fibers with low signal strength on all imaging planes. The ACL is best demonstrated in the sagittal plane. In the normal articulatio genus, it is shown to attach proximally at the internal facet of the sidelong femoral condyle, and distally to the anterior shinbone and the anterior facet of the tibial spinal column ( see Figure 2a ) . However, due to partial averaging of the proximal ACL with the cortical border of the sidelong femoral condyle, the proximal femoral fond regard of the ACL is non ever demonstrated faithfully on sagittal images. Therefore, axial images can be helpful in visualising the proximal ACL and femoral fond regard. On the coronal pieces, the ACL is demonstrated as a level set adjacent to the sidelong femoral condyles ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . If there is no visual image or discontinuity of the ACL in merely the sagittal plane, it is normally sufficient in naming the presence of an ACL tear. When there is a tear nowadays, the ACL fibers can be seen to be wholly or partly disrupted with unnatural morphology and signal strength ( Tham et al 2008 ) . Other marks of a tear are discontinuity and an change of the orientation of the fibers ( see Figure 2b ) . Harmonizing to Grenier & A ; Wessely ( 2004 ) , intrasubstance high signal countries tend to be indexs of partial cryings in the ACL. Chronic cryings are characterized with outstanding fibrosis and associated cicatrix formation. Because of the mechanism of hurt, ACL cryings are frequently accompanied by associated ligamental, meniscal, and boney hurts. Figure 2a ) ( left ) Sagittal proton-density image of the articulatio genus demoing the normal ACL ( white pointer ) ( Tham et al 2008 ) . B ) ( right ) Sagittal T1-weighted image of the articulatio genus demoing discontinuity of the ligament fibers ( pointer ) , proposing an acute tear in the ACL ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . The chief map of the posterior cruciate ligament ( PCL ) is to move as the primary stabilizer of the articulatio genus, and prevent posterior interlingual rendition of the shinbone. It is located near the centre of rotary motion of the articulatio genus, and has a normal ‘inverted hockey-stick ‘ visual aspect. Because the PCL is thicker and stronger than the ACL, it is injured less normally. However, hurts to the PCL can be caused by a direct blunt force to the anterior facet of the articulatio genus. The force of the injury can force the shinbone back posteriorly in relation to the thighbone, ensuing in a sprain or tear of the PCL ( Roberts et al 2007 ) . Injuries to the PCL can show the same scope of visual aspects on MR imaging as ACL hurts, including focal countries of unnatural signal to finish break of the ligament. Specific countries of increased signal strength and break of ‘hockey-stick ‘ visual aspect of the PCL are common indexs of a partial tear of the PCL ( Figures 3 a & A ; B ) . However, PCL cryings are non every bit common as ACL cryings, and secondary findings may non be as characteristic or well-described. The PCL is visualized in all MRI planes and sequences with a uniform, hypointense signal. Similar to the ACL, the PCL is besides best visualized on sagittal images, and can hold partial or complete cryings ( Grenier & A ; Wessely 2004 ) . Coronal images may be helpful in measuring the short diameter cross-section of the PCL ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . Figure 3a ) ( left ) The upside-down ‘hockey stick ‘ visual aspect of the PCL is shown in a sagittal T1-weighted image of a normal articulatio genus. B ) ( right ) The signal strength of the PCL has changed, and there is besides discontinuity of the fibers. The PCL no longer has an ‘inverted hockey-stick ‘ visual aspect ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . The chief constructions that provide stableness to the medial and sidelong parts of the articulatio genus are the indirect ligaments. MRI rating of the collateral ligaments is effectual, but can be disputing because of the anatomic fluctuation and the thin nature of these constructions. The mechanisms of hurt to the medial and sidelong collateral ligaments are inordinate valgus and varus emphasis ( Helms et al 2009 ) . The median collateral ligament ( MCL ) is normally visualized as a level construction that begins from the epicondyles of the thighbone and attaches into the median shinbone. The MCL is the 2nd most normally injured ligament in the articulatio genus. The sidelong or fibular collateral ligament ( LCL ) attaches the distal thighbone to the fibular caput collectively with the biceps femur, and is the chief restraint to varus forces on the articulatio genus ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . The collateral ligaments are by and large best visualized on coronal pieces, looking as countries of low signal strength ( see Figures 4 a & A ; B ) . The LCL can by and large be evaluated on a individual coronal image due to its oblique class. The short diameter cross-section of the MCL can besides be demonstrated on consecutive axial images. These are indispensable in finding the extent of partial cryings or intrasubstance sprains ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . When there is a complete tear of the LCL, irregular contouring of the lacerate ligament with environing fluid or hydrops can be observed on MRI images ( Feller 2002 ) . As with the semilunar cartilage, conventional spin reverberation sequences provide moderately accurate appraisal of the ligaments. The normal ligament may be good visualized on T1-weighted spin-echo images. But in the presence of a joint gush, the unity of the cruciate ligaments may be hard to measure. In our pattern, PD spin-echo sequences are by and large used in all imaging programs as they provide good contrast between the ligament and joint fluid, and show a greater SNR ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . Figure 4a ) ( left ) Coronal PD images of the articulatio genus show a normal sidelong collateral ligament ( LCL ) that attaches from the sidelong femoral condyle to the caput of the calf bone ( white arrowheads ) . B ) ( right ) The normal median collateral ligament ( MCL ) can be seen attaching from the median femoral condyle to the median surface of the organic structure of the shinbone ( white pointers ) ( Tham at el 2008 ) .Osseous PathologyBone bruising is frequently associated with coincident soft tissue hurts. Therefore, placing bone bruising besides helps to place other possible hurts. Tension injuries affecting ligaments tend to avulse bony fond regard sites. Bone bruising at the sidelong femoral condyles and the posterolateral facet of the tibial tableland are normally related to acute cryings of the ACL. Assorted hurts to the ligamentous and meniscal constructions are besides associated with osteal pathology. Although blunt breaks can be good visualized on conventional sk iagraphy, bone bruising by and large requires MRI to be visualized ( Grenier & A ; Wessely 2004 ) . Traumatic bony lesions, microfractures or trabeculate hurts that occur in the ague or subacute scene are normally accompanied by bone marrow hydrops. They by and large present as low signal strength countries on T1 images, or increased signal strength countries on T2 and fat suppressed images. Fat suppressed images are helpful as they will show an increased signal strength if bony jobs are present. Fat suppression eliminates the signal from the marrow, therefore leting bone marrow hydrops to go more apparent. Figure 5 demonstrates an country of increased signal strength on a T2-weighted image, bespeaking the presence of bone bruising. Bone bruises and stress reactions can frequently look as a diffuse or localised country of low signal strength on T1- weighted images. A defined break line is normally non seen. However, any cortical or stress breaks that may be present would look as cri sp, chiseled, additive subdivisions with reduced signal strength on all MR sequences ( Feller 2002 ) . Figure 5. Sagittal T2-weighted image showing a big bone bruise within the femoral condyle ( pointer ) ( Grenier & A ; Wessely 2004 ) .Extensor muscle MechanismThe extensor mechanism is made up of the quadriceps musculus and sinew, kneecap, and patellar sinew. Injury to the extensor mechanism seldom occurs. However, should it happen, it is normally indirect, and is frequently caused by strong quadriceps contraction that is opposed by forced flexure of the articulatio genus. Loss of map in the extensor mechanism and sever hurting are direct consequences of complete break of the mechanism ( Feller 2002 ) . Patellar disruption occurs when the kneecap has been wholly displaced from the femoral trochlea, and is the most common cause of break of the extensor mechanism. The disruption about ever occurs to the sidelong side. An arthroscopic process is normally required if a piece of patellar gristle is found on the MR images ( Stoller 2002 ) . Osgood-Schlatter disease and jumperA?s articulatio genus both root from chronic patellar tendinitis. With Osgood-Schlatter disease, redness of the sinew occurs. However, with jumper ‘s articulatio genus, micro-tears and collagen devolution occur as a consequence of puting repeated strain on the joint with gestures such as leaping motions ( Berquist 2001 ) . Both entities have similar MRI findings, and are demonstrated as focal or spindle-shaped thickener of the patellar sinew, and may show with increased intratendonous signal. The increased signal by and large appears near the tibial tubercle with Osgood-Schlatter disease. However, with jumperA?s articulatio genus, the increased signal is normally present near to the part of the inferior pole of the kneecap. Overliing hypodermic hydrops can sometimes happen, taking to countries of low signal strength due to bony fragments ( Feller 2002 ) .Extra InjuriesInjury to the articulatio genus can besides ensue in hurt to other of import soft tissue constructions, such as the Bursa, which includes the popliteal, prepatellar, pes anserinus, semi-membranosus and tibial collateral ligament Bursa. Inflammation, or bursitis, in these countries can frequently be mistaken for other intra-articular pathologies. MRI is able to supply brilliant visual image of these soft tissue constructions. The popliteal Bursa is normally the most common site of hurt. The normal popliteal Bursa may incorporate a little sum of fluid in the posterior facet of the articulatio genus, and by and large nowadayss as a focal country of increased T2 signal ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . Traumatic haemarthrosis can besides happen as a consequence of a meniscal or ligamental tear. MRI imagination is helpful in finding the beginning of the hydrops. A standard articulatio genus protocol is normally sufficient in imaging traumatic haemarthrosis.MR ArthrographyConventional arthrography has bit by bit become unneeded with the debut of MRI of the articulatio gen us. MR arthrography is used merely when there is a demand to foster measure the post-operative meniscua, osteochondral lesions, or show loose organic structures, in a patient with no joint gush. MR arthrography may be direct or indirect ( Helms et al 2009 ) . In indirect arthrography, Gd is injected intravenously. The articulatio genus is so scanned about 10 to 20 proceedingss after, during which some contrast would hold diffused into the articulatio genus articulation. However, indirect arthrography does non supply distention of the articulatio genus articulation with fluid, which is indispensable in this process. Hence, indirect arthrography remains more limited. With direct arthrography, contrast is injected straight into the patellofemoral articulation through the sidelong facet of the kneecap. If the radiotherapist executing the process is experienced, fluoroscopic counsel is non even necessary. MR arthrography of the articulatio genus is non presently performed at our pattern, and at the minute, no protocol has been established for this process. However, harmonizing to Magee et Al ( 2003 ) , T1-weighted images with fat impregnation are typically employed following the injection of Gd. If normal saline is used as the contrast agent, T2-weighted or gradient echo images with T2 weighting may be used every bit good.MR ProtocolWith our 1.5-Tesla MR system, imagination of the articulatio genus is performed with the patient in a supine place, with a dedicated phased-array quadrature articulatio genus spiral. If the patient ‘s articulatio genus is unable to suit into the standard spiral, or that the patient has trouble widening their articulatio genus, a flexible surface spiral may be used. Most patterns have standard protocols for MR imaging rating of the articulatio genus which normally includes coronal, sagittal, and axial positions. A standard articulatio genus protocol at our pattern includes: T1 Sagittal PD FS Sagittal ( Proton denseness with fat impregnation ) T2 GRE ( Gradient echo ) Sagittal PD Coronal PD FS Coronal PD FS Axial Sagittal images are likely the best imagination plane at showing pathologies affecting the internal constructions and assorted pathologies of the articulatio genus. Components of the median and indirect ligaments, every bit good as the next capsule, are well-demonstrated in the sagittal plane. Mid-sagittal pieces can supply visual image of the patellofemoral compartment, quadriceps, and kneecap sinew. The ACL and PCL are besides best displayed on sagittal images. The sagittal plane is normally sufficient in naming cryings of the ACL and PCL, as breaks or unnatural signal strengths bespeaking a tear are easy demonstrated in the sagittal plane ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . Images in the sagittal plane can besides be highly helpful in measuring meniscal anatomy for both devolutions and cryings. The coronal plane enables the visual image of the posterior capsule, popliteus sinew, cruciate ligaments and semilunar cartilage, the collateral ligaments, and the extensor mechanism. The collateral ligaments are besides often evaluated utilizing the coronal plane. Coronal images can be used in concurrence with sagittal images to show the cruciate ligaments, and to measure the posterior femoral condyles, which are common sites of articular eroding. The low signal strength popliteal vass are besides identified on posterior coronal images ( Helms et al 2009 ) . Due to the oblique orientation of the median and sidelong patellar aspects, every bit good as the articular gristle, the axial plane is the most equal at showing these constructions through the patella-femoral articulation. Axial plane images by and large serve as a localizer to find sagittal and coronal planning. Majority of the osteal dealingss between the kneecap, thighbone and tibua, every bit good as the fond regards of the cruciate and indirect ligaments can be displayed in axial images. The larger sidelong patellar aspect and the oblique median kneecap aspect are besides seen in the axial plane, as are both the sidelong and median patellar retinacular fond regards at the degree of the patellofemoral articulation ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . In order to adequately measure the articulatio genus, images should be obtain in the sagittal, coronal and axial planes. All three imaging planes work in concurrence to show all the internal constructions of the articulatio genus. For illustration, although the semilunar cartilage are chiefly evaluated on sagittal images, they are frequently supplemented by images in the coronal plane. Sagittal images are used to visualise the cruciate ligaments, which can besides be farther assessed on coronal and sometimes axial images. Coronal images are indispensable in showing collateral ligaments, but are besides supplemented by axial images. The patellofemoral articulation is best assessed on axial images, but can besides be evaluated on sagittal images ( Stoller 2002 ) . Hence, all three planes are indispensable in exhaustively showing the articulatio genus. The most normally used sequences for MRI of the articulatio genus include spin-echo or fast spin-echo ( FSE ) proton denseness sequences , with or without fat impregnation, T1 and gradient reverberation ( GRE ) .Image SequencesStandard protocols for MRI rating of the articulatio genus include sagittal, axial and coronal images. A typical modus operandi protocol at our pattern may include sequences such as: PD- leaden spin-echo imagination ; T1-weighted spin-echo imagination ; and T2-weighted gradient reverberation imagination. Other optional protocols include a short tau inversion recovery ( STIR ) sequence in the sagittal plane. In PD-weighted sequences, the image contrast is dependent chiefly on the denseness of protons in the imagination volume. The images are typically acquired utilizing TR that is greater that with T1 sequences, and TE that is less than in T2 sequences. At our pattern, PD sequences are chiefly used in all planes to show the articulatio genus. This is because PD spin reverberation images have high signal to resound ratio, and are able to supply accurate anatomical item. When fat impregnation is applied, PD-weighted sequences have an increased sensitiveness for synovial fluid within meniscal cryings. This makes the sequence highly valuable in measuring meniscal pathology. The combination of fat impregnation with PD weighted sequences besides allows for high sensitiveness to cartilage and intramedullary osteal abnormalcies ( Stoller 2002 ) . Fat impregnation to supply a better presentation of any abnormalcy, appraisal of bone marrow abnormalcies, and enables the distinction between fluid an d fat at their interface. Fat impregnation is applied to take the high signal strength of fat in the articulatio genus, therefore leting bone marrow pathology, semilunar cartilage and gristle to be demonstrated more clearly. Therefore, PD weighted sequences with fat impregnation is used in all three imaging planes to measure the articulatio genus ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . However, PD weighted sequences utilizing fat impregnation normally require longer scanning times, which can sometimes be a disadvantage to the injured patient. The effectivity of fat impregnation is besides decreased at low magnetic field strengths, and it is extremely sensitive to local magnetic field inhomogeneities ( Helms et al 2009 ) . A gradient reverberation sequence and T1-weighted sequence are besides performed in the sagittal plane. In imagination, a T1 image is obtained when merely one reverberation is generated utilizing a short TR and TE. The T1-weighted sequence provides a general overview of the anatomy and any gross pathology. Normal anatomy of the ligaments and semilunar cartilages can be adequately visualized on T1 images. However, in the presence of a joint gush, any pathology nowadays may go hard to measure. T1-weighted images are besides non able to adequately show the hyaline gristle as it appears of low signal strength, and is hence identical from joint fluid ( Stoller 2002 ) . A gradient reverberation is formed when a brace of bipolar gradient pulsations is used. In T2-weighted gradient reverberation sequences, a smaller somersault angle is used, along with longer TR and TE. Signal strength alterations within the ligaments ensuing from hurt are more clearly demonstrated on T2-weight gradient reverberation sequences, therefore leting for the accurate appraisal of the unity of the ligament. Gradient reverberation images besides display the hyaline gristle with high signal strength, which in bend contrasts aggressively with next constructions of low signal strength ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . However, because gradient reverberation images do non supply equal visual image of bone marrow pathology, they are non by and large recommended for the rating of bony pathology, particularly in the instance of the injured patient.DiscussionStandard articulatio genus imaging protocols can besides include T2-weighted every bit good as STIR sequences. Conventio nal PD sequences were compared to FSE-PD sequences in 216 back-to-back surveies. Amongst the 216 patients, it was found that 42 cryings were missed on the fast spin reverberation ( FSE ) PD sequences, but shown in the conventional PD sequence ( Helms 2009 ) . Hence, Helms et Al ( 2009 ) concludes that FSE PD images are unacceptable in the imagination of the articulatio genus. Alternatively, the writer suggests that sagittal FSE T2-weighted images with fat impregnation would supply brilliant visual image of the cruciate ligaments, gristle and osteal constructions. Similarly, the survey states that although gradient reverberation sequences would do for imaging the gristle, but was unacceptable of showing the castanetss. However, a separate survey by Wolff et Al ( 2008 ) has found that FSE PD-weighted sequences are sufficient in showing meniscal cryings. T2-weighted and STIR sequences are non typically performed at our pattern. T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR imagination with fat impregnation can be an accurate and fast technique for observing and rating articular gristle defects in the articulatio genus ( Alatakis & A ; Naidoo 2009 ) . Because PD-weighted sequences have high SNR and can supply high anatomic item, we chiefly use PD sequences in geting articulatio genus images. However, it has been noted that pathology, which is characterized by an addition in unstable content, can be accentuated in the PD weighted sequences. One of the benefits of the STIR sequence is that the signal from fat is wholly suppressed. Another advantage of the STIR sequences is that because they are based on the rapid T1 recovery of fat, they can be employed utilizing low field strength, and are non affected by gradient field inhomogeneities. Because the STIR sequence does non trust as much on the homogeneousness of the magnetic field, it can supply an alte rnate method of fat signal suppression. Bone hydrops can besides be assessed utilizing STIR sequences. However, STIR images by and large have a comparatively low SNR. Thus, tissues with a similar T1 to flesh out, such as bleeding, melanin and Gd, may besides be suppressed ( Berquist 2001 ) . For this ground, STIR sequences are by and large unsuitable for MR arthrography or scanning following endovenous Gd ( Magee et al 2003 ) . This sequence may be used in our pattern if there is metal artifact nowadays. Metallic devices can make an inhomogenous magnetic field. This can ensue in countries of suboptimal fat impregnation. STIR sequences frequently result in reduced SNR, and as a consequence, images can hold a farinaceous visual aspect with loss of tissue signal declaration ( Helms et al 2009 ) . STIR sequences besides require longer scan times. After reexamining the literature, it has been taken into history that some alterations to our current protocol could be made. It is my continued belief that the PD-weighted sequences utilizing fat impregnation provides that most accurate information sing the constructions of the articulatio genus articulation. However, some consideration is necessary in respects to the add-on of T2 fat-saturated wreath and sagittal sequences may be necessary so as to visualise pathology such as recurrent cryings, perchance replacing the demand for a T1-weighted sagittal sequence. A possible alteration of protocol may include FSE T2-weighted images with fat impregnation in all three planes. A conventional PD-weighted sequence with fat impregnation in the sagittal plane should be included, therefore supplying high truth of the semilunar cartilage, ligaments and gristle ( Helms 2009 ) . STIR sequences may be used to replace gradient reverberation sequences if there is metal present, or if rating of the bone marrow is required. When make up one's minding whether or non to alter the sequences, one must take into consideration the clip alteration that will happen, particularly in respects to imaging the injured patient. At present, MRI of the articulatio genus requires about 30 proceedingss with our current protocol consisting of 6 sequences. The alteration in protocol uses 4 sequences, therefore perchance cut downing the scanning clip. However, using fat impregnation with a sequence tends to increase scanning clip. The add-on of another sequence that requires fat impregnation, or the STIR sequence, could well increase the sum of clip required for a knee scan. It is still a argument as to whether these excess sequences are necessary. Sequences such as the 3-dimensional spoilt gradient-echo and STIR sequences may go unneeded for the separate rating of gristle and bone marrow alterations, particularly in injured patients ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) .DecisionMRI is progressively going the aureate crit erion in measuring the articulatio genus articulation. It provides a more easy come-at-able, less invasive, and comparatively less dearly-won alternate to arthroscopy. It besides provides the injured patient a comparatively easy and comfy manner of obtaining all right elaborate imagination of their articulatio genus. Although most imaging centres have set standard protocols for MRI of the articulatio genus, these protocols may sometimes necessitate accommodation in order to outdo profit the patient. In order to make up one's mind which protocol is more suited, we must first take into consideration what consequence each sequence will hold on diagnostic truth, curative impact, and the degree of patient comfort.

Representation of Women in History Essay

Throughout American history, women have been the backbone of the country, working at taking care of their families, and the country itself. The recognition of this is shown by the different representations of America in a female context. Whether as a insolent young Native American princess who has wronged her British mother, or as Roman goddess Columbia in her long, flowing white robes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The major change in the way America was represented pictorially was brought about by Phillis Wheatley in 1775, when she sent her poem to George Washington describing America as a goddess called Columbia. The people at the time were quick to identify with this new interpretation as they wanted to distance themselves from the negative British representations of America as a Native American woman who was young and disobeying of her parental figure. Also at that time, colonists were thinking of America as a place of self-knowledge and exploration, creating libraries and other places of study, complete with mock Roman architecture that enforced the feeling of the â€Å"new Rome,† and they liked the fact that Columbia was shown as a Roman goddess of sorts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When looking at the differences in the print by Edward Savage and the print dated 1866, there can be seen a change from Savage’s peaceful looking goddess Columbia, and then the armed fighting women that are in the 1866 picture. The earlier picture dated as 1796 shows Liberty wearing a wreath of flowers around her, offering a cup to an eagle and surrounded by billowing clouds and showing her upfront, away from any violence. The latter drawing from 1866 shows three women, two holding the flag pole, and one with a sword still fighting, surrounded by people. This picture comes at the end of the Revolution era, and depicts America’s fighting spirit which has emerged from the battle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When looking at the example of the Eighteenth century book, Charlotte Temple by Susanna Rowson, the influence of the Columbian ideal can be shown by the book being of the seduction genre, which was very popular in that era. This type of story touched many in the nation, as people related their worrying about how they stood after going against Britain to the seduction of a young female who was brought the new land, and then tricked into getting pregnant, only to be left to die on her own. Many wondered would America suffer that same fate as the seduced young woman, or would the country triumph as the new goddess, Columbia. It is no surprise that during such a perilous time in history that people were drawn to these seduction genre stories to the point of believing in their hearts that Rowson’s work was non-fiction, which is wasn’t.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The recent 2005 portrait of Sacajawea is a new drawing on a golden dollar coin. She is shown as looking back, her hair drawn back, and having her son, Jean Baptiste strapped to her. This representation of her is striking with her large, dark eyes, and her true Native American features which are very pronounced and stunning. In earlier representations of Native American women, the facial features are all very close to what the features of drawings of white women at the time. These earlier images were closer to the facial likeness of early pictures of Columbia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States mint clearly made this coin to represent the anniversary of the Lewis and Clark expedition, dated 1804. The recent golden dollar was dated 2005, which means that it was conceived of and based on a 2004 date, exactly 200 years apart. The coin is also meant to commemorate the Native American people themselves in history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The representation of Columbia in American history can be seen as the evolution of the country itself. As society grew, and the perception of what it meant to be an American changed, the figures of women changed with it. The spirit of Columbia is equated with the spirit of our nation, and the artistry used to show that spirit in female form is still being used today, represented by the Sacajawea coin, celebrating the community ideal of what is is to be American.

Symbolism in the Truman Show

Analyse how one or more symbols were used to present an important idea or ideas. In The Truman Show, directed by Peter Weir, three recurring symbols were used to present important ideas. These motifs; the dome, the circle and the chest present important themes, such as entrapment, repetition and an extreme invasion of privacy. These motifs are evident throughout the film, and reinforce the superficial nature of Truman’s life. The dome; the enclosure where Truman has lived his whole life; presents the important idea of entrapment.Truman’s hometown of Seahaven is a television set, built under a giant arcological dome in Hollywood. Due to his extreme aquaphobia; forced upon him by his father’s tragic drowning, Truman has no way of leaving this isolated community. Truman is trapped, with no means of escaping his superficial life. Peter Weir utilises bird’s eye view shots over the dome to demonstrate the dome in its entirety, and the inescapable nature of it. T his shot shows the audience the true cage-like appearance of Truman’s life.His life in the dome is comparable to animals in a zoo; he has no privacy, no escape, and is being observed 24/7. The dome not only symbolises entrapment; it is the trap which Truman is caught in. The circular motifs represent the important idea of repetition in Truman’s life. Just like the cycle of actors who pass his house â€Å"Lady†¦ flowers†¦ dented Beetle†, his life is revolving in a never-ending circle. Truman’s life is boring; his days have little variability from one day to the next. Truman yearns for change and adventure, but his aspirations are never reached as he continues on this cycle.The filmmaker has used other circular motifs, such as the revolving door and the round-about, observed form a bird’s eye view shot, to develop the symbolism of Truman’s life being a continuous, repetitive loop. These motifs develop the audience’s understand ing of Truman’s life, as they sympathise with his need for change and adventure. Our overall understanding of Truman is deepened by his need and search for change. Truman is â€Å"On the air, unaware†. This is demonstrated by the lack of privacy, represented by his opening of the chest.When Truman goes into the basement, he thinks he is alone, but in fact, he is being broadcasted live to millions of people around the world. Here we see Truman at his most vulnerable, as he sorts through his private possessions; his map of Fiji, Sylvia’s cardigan, and the collage he constructed of her face. This unknown privacy invasion is shown by the extreme close-up shot of the padlock as he enters his secret combination. Here the audience empathises with Truman’s need of privacy with our own. This is used to show the audience Truman’s true feelings and makes us realise how genuine he is.Peter Weir has used the dome, the circular motifs and the chest to demonstrat e important ideas. The theme of entrapment is represented by the dome, the inescapable structure in which Truman lives. The circular motifs symbolise repetition and consistency in his life, and the Truman’s struggle to break free from this never ending cycle. The theme of an unknown lack of privacy is shown by the shots of Truman in the basement, when he is at his most vulnerable. These ideas not only contribute to the plot, but to the audience’s understanding of Truman, and his struggle to break free.

Ðevelopmental Тeed

?My first developmental need is to gain a professional qualification within HR. I have proven to be a thinking performer and am in need of formal qualifications to enhance and strengthen my knowledge, skills and performance within the workplace, in order to satisfy this development need I have enrolled on this CIPD Level 5 certificate in HRM, I also take much pride in reading publications both online and in magazines such as People Management and UCEA updates and following changes within Employment law such as the recent change to pension auto-enrolment.I prefer to take a hands on approach and be involved whenever possible with new projects within the organisation, it is also very important to ensure this is reviewed regularly to ensure I am staying on track. As noted in page 124 of Studying Human Resource Management â€Å"CPD is not a one-off activity; it is a lifelong commitment to continually improving your knowledge and skills† Another career aspiration I have and am worki ng towards is to improve the communication between HR as a department and the rest of the departments within the University.I aim to do this by ensuring regular meetings between ourselves and the departmental managers at which we can raise any on-going issues to ensure all are dealt with correctly and effectively hopefully improving the relationship through communication.I have also started weekly recruitment update e-mails between myself and the department administrator to ensure that recruitment process runs smoothly, I have found that this is very beneficial to both myself and the department and the recruitment process is understood better by the department, the process has also run smoother as it is a chance to push forward any outstanding issues. Need to think of third development need. Attach all 3 to a learning style Reflect on the plan?

What is wrong with the UK economy and how to fix it Essay

What is wrong with the UK economy and how to fix it - Essay Example ub-prime of the European mortgage market collapsed smashing down the previous housing boom in American economy and it brought about a raffle effect around the world especially the countries which had higher degree of economic connection with the American economy. (Shah 2009) According to the World Economic Outlook, published by International Monetary Fund on 8th October 2008, the world economy was approaching towards a severe economic downturn due to the most severe economic shock since the â€Å"Great Depression† of 1929. Fund anticipated a decline in global growth (basis: purchasing power parity) by 3 percent in 2009. (Shah, 2009) In January 2009, the world economists predicted that among the highly developed nations UK would most adversely be affected by this recession. The grim picture represented in the IMF outlook reveals that the economy of England has been contracting by 2.8 percent which is more than twice of the anticipated rate. (â€Å"UK Will be Hardest Hit by Global Recession†, 28th January 2009) The matter of fact is that for the last decade the growth performance of UK has been centred towards three sectors: housing, finance and public sector. All the other sectors have been contracting during those years of economic upswing. The major employment generating sector in Britain is the service sector (81 percent) and the service sector is dominated by the financial sector. The financial sector contributes  £344 billion each year. The unique combination of efficient institution, least government regulation and agile workforce has made the financial sector of Britain a paradise for international finance. During the last decade the financial market was growing by a booming housing market and speculation. After the global credit crunch it comes to broad daylight that neither saving nor increase in earning has been the cause of growing housing market; rather it was financed by debts. Within the period 1997 to 2007 there was a gargantuan rise in personal

Integrity of high chromium steel dissimilar metal weld Literature review

Integrity of high chromium steel dissimilar metal weld - Literature review Example The austenitic stainless steels are definitely the commonly utilised material of all stainless steel categories. The commonly available austenitic family that is the 300 series comprises of the chrome- iron-nickel system. The austenitic stainless steels are comparably more resistant to corrosions since they have high weight percentage of the nickel and chromium content typically; that is 8-12% and 18-20% respectively. Additionally, they are non-hardenable via heat treatment and non-magnetic processes (Avazkonandeh-Gharavol, Haddad-Sabzevar and Haerian, 2008). However, the austenitic material can be hardened to some extent via cold working. The austenitic stainless steels are utilised extensively in the petrochemical, nuclear, and in the general corrosive chemical surroundings. The austenitic stainless steels are additionally classified by their carbon content as; the â€Å"L† grades or straight grades or the â€Å"H† grades. The straight grades consist of 0.03-0.08 % wt. Carbon; the L grades have less than 0.03% of Carbon; while the H grades consist of anywhere from about 0.04-0.10% weight of Carbon. The increased carbon content evident in the H grades leads to a more wear resistant and harder material. An increased carbon levels also assists the material in holding its strength at an elevated or high temperatures, thus frequently utilised in the high-temperature applications or projects. However, the increased carbon levels lead to problems that are directed to the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) in the welds. The lower or reduced carbon compositions of the â€Å"L† grades were specifically meant for the improved weldability the material (Gandy, Shingledecker and Viswanathan, 2011). The high carbon grades are frequently utilised where wear resistant, harder, or the high-temperature applications are present. The low carbon stainless steels, for example, the 304L and 316L, are regularly utilised in applications that the intergranular