Write how these four authors have deliberately broken social Essay

Write how these four authors have deliberately broken social concentions and taboos. Describe how this rebellion shows up in their stories - Essay Example While Clarisse was happy to avoid the conjugal attentions of her husband for a while, Calixta’s husband is seen to patiently and passively wait out the storms of his wife’s passion. Calixta, meanwhile, is seen to take out her passions as well as she may through her domestic responsibilities. This is shown through details such as how she doesn’t even notice the danger as the storm approaches, but stays busily sewing at her desk to the point where sweat begins to drip from her brow. The only reason she notices the storm at all is because the sky becomes dark. WEB Dubois presents what must have seemed to many at the time to have been a near-impossibility – a Black man with a better grasp of English and grammar than most white people. In his book The Souls of Black Folk, Dubois presents a series of academic essays that demonstrate his high level of education and depth of thought even as he addresses hard topics regarding the condition of black people, particularly those living in the South. In one essay, â€Å"On the Training of Black Men,† for example, he presents a well-ordered argument as to why institutions of higher learning needed to be opened for black people as a means of providing teachers of other black students even if the bulk of them are educated for industrial jobs because there weren’t any Southern whites who would be willing to teach them and there weren’t enough Northern whites available to turn the South around. More than simply introducing the argument, Dubois presents a number of academic stu dies that had been conducted as a means of proving that black people were capable of retaining an education and making successful business people and other professionals. Also defying social conventions by opening talking about a previously taboo subject, Booker T. Washington uses an easy, flowing style of writing to discuss the laborious path he’d taken to rise from the ranks of slavery to

Rachel Carsons Silent Spring

Rachel Carsons Silent Spring Rachel Carsons Silent Spring and the Environmental Movement Thesis: In Silent Spring Rachel Carson starts an environmental movement by informing the public of the dangers of pesticides, which causes a shift in views towards pesticides and the harm they do to the environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DDT is WW II insecticide designed to rid the troops of disease carrying insects such as lice and mosquitoes (Graham 56). Paul Hermann Muller, the chemist who invented DDT, was even awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology Medicine. However no research was done on the environmental impact of the chemicals. DDT soon became the miracle pesticide used everywhere until concerns began to surface as animals began dying off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The problem with DDT is that it does not break down into harmless chemicals, so the dangerous compounds are passed through the food chain (Graham 15). Because DDT is fat soluble, it is ingested by an animal and then stored in its fat. As DDT passes through the food chain, the amount in the animal increases. When DDT is sprayed on a crop field, insects feeding on the crops will ingest the DDT. These insects are eaten by larger insects, which are eaten by song birds, which are eaten by birds of prey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An example of the accumulation of DDT can be seen in Californias Clear Lake during 1957. Although the water only contained .02 parts-per-million of DDT, small fish could have 2,000 parts-per-million and birds could have even more (Graham 15). On a wider scale the population of birds of prey was decreasing. DDT was again the culprit. The effect that DDT had on raptors was that it would not kill the adult birds but would weaken the egg shells and cause them to break; this causes the adults to be unable to reproduce and a decrease in population. This effect was what first seized Rachel Carsons attention and brought her to write Silent Spring (Kidd, Kidd 102). â€Å"The more I learned about the use of pesticides, the more appalled I became. I realized that here was the material for a book. What I discovered was that everything which meant most to me as a naturalist was being threatened, and that nothing I could do would be more important† (Carson).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rachel Carsons Silent Spring was published in 1962 and was immediately meet with criticism from farmers and pesticide companies; this was known as the â€Å"Noisy Summer† (Henricksson 71). â€Å"Many farmers and others in the business of agriculture were convinced that a ban of DDT would harm their prosperity† (Kid, Kid 104). Upon Reading Silent Spring, John F. Kennedy had the Science Advisory Committee look into the pesticide issue. The results the committee discovered were a turning point in the battle against pesticides: â€Å"It acknowledged the benefits of chemical pesticides, but it condemned the overuse and careless application of pesticides. It also acknowledged the accuracy of Rachel Carsons scientific research and endorsed her position† (Henricksson 80). When the report was published in May 1963, Rachel Carson now had the support she needed from the Government. This galvanized a major environmental movement. This resulted in a paradi gm shift to occur between the years of 1962 to 1980. Laws were passed to protect the environment. In 1967 the Environmental Defense Fund, EDF, was determined to ban DDT in the U.S after noticing to the decline in birds of prey and the research in Silent Spring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By 1972 DDT was banned in the United States only ten years after the publication of Silent Spring. Sadly Rachel Carson, who died in 1964, never witnessed her triumph. But in her wake was an environmental movement that had only just begun. In 1970 the Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, was formed by President Nixon, but â€Å"it was Rachel Carsons call for an ‘independent board in the government that brought the EPA into existence† (Henricksson 80). The EPAs role was to monitor the environmental policy of the United States by enforcing laws passed by Congress. The EPA picked up where Rachel Carson left off, â€Å"An article in the EPA Journal referred to the organization as ‘the extended shadow of Rachel Carson† (Henricksson 80).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The EPA was not the only program brought about by the influence of Silent Spring. The National Environmental Policy Act was enacted in 1969 focused on assessing the environmental impact of any governmental project. Senator Gaylord Nelson proposed the first Earth Day which occurred on April 22, 1970. The Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and Toxic Substances Control Act were all passed by 1976, all with the intention of protecting the environment (Harlan 118). Rachel Carsons call to protect the environment is still being heard today by our politicians. In 1996 President Clinton enacted The Food Quality Act which requires the EPA to again review the effects of pesticides (Milestones). Vice President AL Gore cites Rachel Carson as an inspiration in his book An inconvenient Truth. When Gore was a child his mother read Silent Spring to him and his sister Gore 10). Gore writes, â€Å"The books lessons made a huge impression on us. The way we thought about nature and the earth was never the same (10).† Now AL Gore is one of the main spokespersons of a new environmental war, global warming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Initially DDT was considered a miracle pesticide because it was cheap and efficient. At this point the environmental effects were unknown. Rachel Carson brought these effects to the attention of the public in Silent Spring. Originally met with controversy she soon won over the publics opinion, with the government backing up her research. The government followed suit with agencies and acts that protected the environment, like the EPA. Rachel Carsons message affected legislation then and now. Environmentalists like AL Gore cite Rachel Carson as an influence to their work. When Rachel Carson published Silent Spring she was the catalyst that started the Environmental Movement, and her ideas are still being used in todays Environmental Movement.

My Papa’s Waltz - Battered Knuckles Essays -- My Papas Waltz Essays

My Papa’s Waltz - Battered Knuckles  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people look back on memories with a pleasant slant. A backpacker may love to go to the mountains, but every time that person ventures out he encounters a blizzard. The weather is not always conducive to the backpacker and can cause great discomfort. However, when the hiker returns to his normal routine he usually forgets about the bad experience so that he can continue loving the mountains and happily plan his next adventure. Similarly, Theodore Roethke's, "My Papa's Waltz" is a poem about a man who tries to make a horrible event into something much more pleasant to think about. The speaker seems to be remembering back to his childhood and finally uncovers dark memories about his father. The child in the poem finally realizes that childhood was full of scary nights in which he sometimes feared for his life. The speaker has tried for years to believe that he loved his father, but he finally understands what really happened in his boyhood home. The speaker in this poem begins by commenting on how much his father drinks. The father ...

Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics

Microbiology: An Introduction, 11e (Tortora/Case)Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics8. 1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) A gene is best defined as A) a segment of DNA. B) three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. C) a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product. D) a sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product. E) a transcribed unit of DNA. Answer: C Skill: Recall 2) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) DNA polymerase — makes a molecule of DNA from a DNA template B) RNA polymerase — makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template C) DNA ligase — joins segments of DNA D) transposase — insertion of DNA segments into DNA E) DNA gyrase — coils and twists DNA Answer: B Skill: Recall 3) Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) DNA polymerase joins nucleotides in one direction only. B) The leading strand of DNA is made continuously. C) The lagging strand of DNA is started by an RNA primer. D) DNA replication proceeds in one direction around the bacterial chromosome. E) Multiple replication forks are possible on a bacterial chromosome. Answer: D Skill: Understanding 4) DNA is constructed of A) a single strand of nucleotides with internal hydrogen bonding. B) two complementary strands of nucleotides bonded A—C and G—T. C) two strands of nucleotides running antiparallel. D) two strands of identical nucleotides with hydrogen bonds between them. E) None of the answers is correct. Answer: C Skill: Understanding 5) Which of the following is NOT a product of transcription? A) a new strand of DNA B) rRNA C) tRNA D) mRNA E) None of the answers are correct; all of these are products of transcription. Answer: A Skill: Understanding 6) Which of the following statements about bacteriocins is FALSE? A) The genes coding for them are on plasmids. B) They cause food-poisoning symptoms. C) Nisin is a bacteriocin used as a food preservative. D) They can be used to identify certain bacteria. E) Bacteriocins kill bacteria. Answer: B Skill: Understanding Figure 8. 1 7) In Figure 8. 1, which colonies are streptomycin-resistant and leucine-requiring? A) 1, 2, 3, and 9 B) 3 and 9 C) 4, 6, and 8 D) 4 and 8 E) 5 and 6 Answer: D Skill: Analysis Table 8. 1 Culture 1: F+, leucine+, histidine+ Culture 2: F-, leucine-, histidine- 8) In Table 8. 1, what will be the result of conjugation between cultures 1 and 2? A) 1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+, leucine-, histidine- B) 1 will become F-, leu+, his+; will become F+, leu-, his- C) 1 will become F-, leu-, his-; 2 will remain the same D) 1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+, leu+, his+ E) 1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+ and recombination may occur Answer: A Skill: Analysis 9) In Table 8. 1, if culture 1 mutates to Hfr, what will be the result of conjugation between the two cultures? A) They will both remain the same. B) 1 will become F+, leu+, his+; 2 will become F+, leu+, his+ C) 1 will remain the same; recombination will occur in 2 D) 1 will become F-, leu+, his+; 2 will become Hfr, leu+, his+ E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. Answer: C Skill: Analysis 10) An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called a(n) A) inducible enzyme. B) repressible enzyme. C) restriction enzyme. D) operator. E) promoter. Answer: A Skill: Recall 11) When glucose is high, cAMP is _____ : CAP _____ bind the lac operator, and RNA polymerase _____ bind the lac promoter. A) high; does; does B) low; does not; does not C) high; does not; does D) low; does not; does E) None of the answers is correct. Answer: B Skill: Understanding 12) Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell A) by a bacteriophage. B) as naked DNA in solution. C) by cell-to-cell contact. D) by crossing over. E) by sexual reproduction. Answer: B Skill: Recall 13) Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by A) mutation. B) conjugation. C) transduction. D) transformation. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Skill: Understanding 14) Which of the following statements regarding a bacterium that is R+ is FALSE? A) It possesses a plasmid. B) R+ can be transferred to a cell of the same species. C) It is resistant to certain drugs and heavy metals. D) It is F+. E) R+ can be transferred to a different species. Answer: D Skill: Understanding 15) The initial effect of ionizing radiation on a cell is that it causes A) DNA to break. B) bonding between adjacent thymines. C) base substitutions. D) the formation of highly reactive ions. E) the cells to get hot. Answer: D Skill: Recall 16) According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the A) end-product must not be in excess. B) substrate must bind to the enzyme. C) substrate must bind to the repressor. D) repressor must bind to the operator. E) repressor must not be synthesized. Answer: C Skill: Understanding 17) Synthesis of a repressible enzyme is stopped by the A) allosteric transition. B) substrate binding to the repressor. C) corepressor binding to the operator. D) corepressor-repressor complex binding to the operator. E) end product binding to the promoter. Answer: D Skill: Understanding Figure 8. 2REPLICATION FORK18) In Figure 8. 2, if base 4 is thymine, what is base 4†²? A) adenine B) thymine C) cytosine D) guanine E) uracil Answer: A Skill: Analysis 19) In Figure 8. 2, if base 4 is thymine, what is base 11†²? A) adenine B) thymine C) cytosine D) guanine E) uracil Answer: B Skill: Analysis 20) In Figure 8. 2, base 2 is attached to A) ribose. B) phosphate. C) deoxyribose. D) thymine. E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. Answer: C Skill: Recall 21) The damage caused by ultraviolet radiation is A) never repaired. B) repaired during transcription. C) repaired during translation. D) cut out and replaced. E) repaired by DNA replication. Answer: D Skill: Recall Table 8. 2 Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid |UUA |leucine |UAA |nonsense | |GCA |alanine |AAU |sparagine | |AAG |lysine |UGC |cysteine | |GUU |valine |UCG, UCU |serine | 22) Refer to Table 8. 2. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-alanine-lysine-leucine, what is the order of bases in the sense strand of DNA? A) 3†² UGUGCAAAGUUA B) 3†² AGACGTTTCAAT C) 3†² TCTCGTTTGTTA D) 5†² TGTGCTTTCTTA E) 5†² AGAGCTTTGAAT Answer: B Skill: Analysis 23) Refer to Table 8. 2. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-alanine-lysine-leucine, the coding for the antisense strand of DNA is A) 5’ ACAGTTTCAAT. B) 5’ TCTGCAAAGTTA. C) 3’ UGUGCAAAGUUA. D) 3’ UCUCGAAAGUUA. E) 3’ TCACGUUUCAAU. Answer: B Skill: Analysis 24) Refer to Table 8. 2 The anticodon for valine is A) GUU. B) CUU. C) CTT. D) CAA. E) GTA. Answer: D Skill: Understanding 25) Refer to Table 8. 2. What is the sequence of amino acids encoded by the following sequence of bases in a strand of DNA? 3’ ATTACGCTTTGC A) leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine B) asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine C) asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine D) Translation would stop at the first codon. E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. Answer: D Skill: Analysis 26) Refer to Table 8. 2. If a frameshift mutation occurred in the sequence of bases shown below, what would be the sequence of amino acids coded for? ’ ATTACGCTTTGC A) leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine B) asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine C) asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine D) Translation would stop at the first codon. E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. Answer: E Skill: Understanding [ 27) In Figure 8. 3, if compound C reacts with the allosteric site of enzyme A, this would exemplify A) a mutation. B) repression. C) feedback inhibition. D) competitive inhibition. E) transcription. Answer: C Skill: Understanding 28) In Figure 8. 3, if enzyme A is a repressible enzyme, compound C would A) always be in excess. B) bind to the enzyme. C) bind to the corepressor. D) bind to RNA polymerase. E) bind to gene a. Answer: C Skill: Understanding 29) In Figure 8. 3, if enzyme A is an inducible enzyme, A) compound C would bind to the repressor. B) compound A would bind to the repressor. C) compound B would bind to enzyme A. D) compound A would react with enzyme B. E) compound C would react with gene a. Answer: B Skill: Understanding 30) Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation A) replicates DNA. B) transfers DNA vertically, to new cells. C) transfers DNA horizontally, to cells in the same generation. D) transcribes DNA to RNA. E) copies RNA to make DNA. Answer: C Skill: Understanding 31) The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus, and the template is from a human cell. The DNA synthesized would be most similar to A) human DNA. B) T. aquaticus DNA. C) a mixture of human and T. aquaticus DNA. D) human RNA. E) T. aquaticus RNA. Answer: A Skill: Understanding Table 8. 3 Amino Acids Encoded by the Human p53 Gene [pic] 32) Based on the information in Table 8. 3, prostate cancer is probably the result of which kind of mutation? A) analog B) frameshift C) missense D) nonsense E) None of the answers is correct. Answer: D Skill: Analysis Figure 8. 4 33) In Figure 8. 4, the antibiotic chloramphenicol binds the 50S ribosome as shown. From this information you can conclude that chloramphenicol A) prevents transcription in eukaryotes. B) prevents translation in eukaryotes. C) prevents transcription in prokaryotes. D) prevents translation in prokaryotes. E) prevents mRNA-ribosome binding. Answer: D Skill: Analysis 34) The mechanism by which the presence of glucose inhibits the arabinose operon is A) catabolite repression. B) translation. C) DNA polymerase. D) repression. E) induction. Answer: A Skill: Recall 35) The mechanism by which the presence of arabinose controls the arabinose operon is A) catabolite repression. B) translation. C) DNA polymerase. D) repression. E) induction. Answer: E Skill: Recall 36) If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene, which one of the following could you determine with the most accuracy? A) the primary structure of the protein B) the secondary structure of the protein C) the tertiary structure of the protein D) the quaternary structure of the protein E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. Answer: A Skill: Understanding 37) An enzyme that makes covalent bonds between nucleotide sequences in DNA is A) RNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase C) DNA helicase. D) transposase. E) DNA polymerase. Answer: B Skill: Recall 38) An enzyme that copies DNA to make a molecule of RNA is A) RNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase. C) DNA helicase. D) transposase. E) DNA polymerase. Answer: A Skill: Recall 39) An enzyme that catalyzes the cutting and resealing of DNA, and is translated from insertion sequences, is A) RNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase. C) DNA helicase. D) transposase. E) DNA polymerase. Answer: D Skill: Recall 40) Repair of damaged DNA might be viewed as a race between an endonuclease and A) DNA ligase. B) DNA polymerase. C) helicase. D) methylase. E) primase. Answer: D Skill: Understanding 41) The cancer gene ras produces mRNA containing an extra exon that includes a number of UAA codons. Cancer cells produce ras mRNA missing this exon. This mistake most likely is due to a mistake by A) a chemical mutagen. B) DNA polymerase. C) photolyases. D) snRNPs. E) UV radiation. Answer: D Skill: Understanding Figure 8. 5 42) In Figure 8. 5, which model of the lac operon correctly shows RNA polymerase, lactose, and repressor protein when the structural genes are being transcribed? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e Answer: D Skill: Analysis 43) The miRNAs in a cell A) are found in prokaryotic cells. B) are a part of the prokaryotic ribosome. C) are a part of the eukaryotic ribosome. D) allow different cells to produce different proteins. E) are responsible for inducing operons. Answer: D Skill: Recall 44) Assume the two E. coli strains shown below are allowed to conjugate. Hfr:pro+, arg+, his+, lys+, met+, ampicillin-sensitive F:pro-, arg-, his-, lys-, met-, ampicillin-resistant What supplements would you add to glucose minimal salts agar to select for a recombinant cell that is lys+, arg+, amp-resistant? A) ampicillin, lysine, arginine B) lysine, arginine C) ampicillin, proline, histidine, methionine D) proline, histidine, methionine E) ampicillin, prolein, histidine, lysine Answer: C Skill: Analysis 45) Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is similar to the process in prokaryotes in that both eukaryotes and prokaryotes A) have exons. B) have introns. C) require snRNPS. D) use methionine as the â€Å"start† amino acid. E) use codons to determine polypeptide sequences. Answer: E Skill: Understanding 8. 2True/FalseQuestions1) Recombination will always alter a cell’s genotype. Answer: TRUE Skill: Understanding2) Open-reading frames are segments of DNA in which both start and stop codons are found. Answer: TRUE Skill: Understanding3) Bacteria typically contain multiple chromosomes. Answer: FALSE Skill: Recall4) Mutations that are harmful to cells occur more frequently than those that benefit cells. Answer: TRUE Skill: Recall5) The miRNAs in a cell inhibit protein synthesis by forming complementary bonds with rRNA. Answer: FALSE Skill: Recall6) Some organisms may contain multiple genomes. Answer: FALSE Skill: Recall7) Both base substitution and frameshift mutations can result in the formation of premature stop codons. Answer: TRUE Skill: Recall8) In the Ames test, any colonies that form on the control should be the result of spontaneous mutations. Answer: TRUE Skill: Recall9) Transposition results in the formation of base substitution mutations in a cell’s DNA. Answer: FALSE Skill: Recall 10) Cell-to-cell contact is required for transduction to occur. Answer: FALSE Skill: Understanding 8. 3Essay Questions1) What is the survival value of the semiconservative replication of DNA?2) Scientists are concerned that bacteria will be resistant to all antibiotics within the next decade. Using your knowledge of genetics, describe how bacterial populations can develop drug resistance in such a short time frame.3) Explain why the following statement is false: Sexual reproduction is the only mechanism for genetic change.4) Why must the cultures used in the Ames test be auxotrophic? Explain the necessity of using a strain that is mutated in this experiment.5) W hat is the survival value of the degeneracy of the genetic code?

Devastating Racism in “The Martian Chronicles” Essay

Martian Luther King Jr. enlightened us with his dream â€Å"of a country where every man will respect the dignity and worth of the human personality.† The world watched his glorious speech, amazed with his fluency, honesty, and intelligence. People such as M. L. King Jr. revolutionized Black equality in North America. He contributed to the [almost] barrier free society for any race. Today, societal racism is almost obsolete and the majority of citizens are open-minded and accepting of different races. Though as displayed in Ray Bradbury’s The Martian Chronicles, racism against African-Americans is evident in their society. Exploitation and Ignorance of this minority is also communicated. These three points are effectively displayed through the Caucasian characters’ thoughts, speech, and actions. More specifically shown through their ignorant thoughts, their unappreciative speech, their condescending actions. Throughout North American history, racism has been a serious issue which has consumed many people a , yet destroyed another. Racism makes other humans beings feel inferior, this is wrong. This is frowned upon in our society, yet accepted in Chapter 15 of The Martian Chronicles. This short narration is called â€Å"Way in the Middle of Air†, and takes place in a fictional June of 2003. The entire chapter the author has devotes to all aspects of racism in its entirety., Displaying thought uses of extensive symbolism the author depicts the leaving of the African -Americans from their town. â€Å"And in that slow, steady channel of darkness that cut across the white glare of day were touches of alert white† (p. 91), the paragraph form which his passage was taken has allegorical characteristics. The use of light and dark [â€Å"White banks of the town stores, among the trees silences, a black tide flowed.† (p.90)], symbolism [â€Å"Brooks of colour† (p. 91)], m etaphors [The Blacks’ are the river], similes [â€Å"Men sat like nervous hounds† (p. 91)] and oxymoron’s [â€Å"Cinnamon Roads† (p. 90)]. This section full of literary devices, is informative by depicting for the reader the level of extreme coloured evacuation. The Whites on the other hand are flabbergasted at the level of secrecy the African-Americans take on when attempting to migrate. The  majority of Caucasians in this town consider themselves ‘better’ then any one black man, because of the colour of his skin. As Mr. Teece, a local white hardware store owner, tries to sabotage a young black mans chance of getting to Mars, he forcefully reinforces to the young man, that â€Å"I’ll let you go when I’m ready to let you go†¦until I say you can leave, you know it damn well† (p. 94). Mr. Teece, as well as the society enforcing this behaviour, believes that because Teece is white, he has the right to dominate and command a black man. The repeated use of the pronoun â€Å"I† suggest that Mr. Teece has a haughty demeanour. Also, the reference to â€Å"you know it damn wellâ⠂¬  is a cutting reinforcement, intended to make nervous Mr. Teece gain power in dominance. The excessive belittlement and racism is taboo in society today, most racism that circulates is more subtle, yet still disturbing. In Canada, everyone is considered an equal; all races entitled to equal rights. In the un-model society depicted the Caucasians’ thought themselves to be a higher class citizens due to their race. They act upon this conception. This novel was written in a time when the abolishment of slavery was a still a lingering issue. Slavery dominated the USA for generations, the concept is based on the very values of the town looked at in chapter 15. The slavery was abolished in the United States African0 Americans got [paid incredibly low wages for gruelling hard labour. In general, their work was work every penny, twice. In The Martian Chronicles Bradbury includes examples of these situations. Situations where the White folks depend on the Black people for [less-than]-minimum wage employees. Even though the Caucasians desperately need the Black workers, they treat them disrespectfully. It is only when the Africans attempt to flee that they realize the asset they have lost. When Mrs. Teece discovery that her nanny/maid is fleeing to Mars, she reaches a state of turmoil. Heaven forbid she might actually be expected to cook! Lucinda Teece hurries down to the family store to seek comfort from her husband. â€Å"She’s leaving.†, she says worriedly to Mr. Teece, â€Å"What’ll I do without her?† (p. 92). This statement shows a lot about Mrs. Teece’s character. She feels inadequate to run a household on her own, keeping in mind she has probably never done extensive chores before. Also, Lucinda was  probably never taught how to do the house work as a youth, her parents more-than-likely had help as well. Not only is Mrs. Teece’s help leaving, but also Mr. Teece’s employee. When another young black man, Teece’s employee, returns upon leaving to return his bicycle, is confronted by Mr. Teece about contract conflicts. Though, it is obvious that the confrontation is mainly on principle and belittlement, perhaps Mr. Teece would have problems tidying his store or finding another employee. Even though both the Teece’s ‘need’ their Negro employees neither treats them with dignity. More so Mr. Teece, when referring to Silly as â€Å"boy† (p. 95) and commanding him rudely, â€Å"You still standing there!†. The Teece family will miss their obdurate help on the Black people fly to Mars. Many of the people of European descent in this town used and relied on African- Americans to complete hard, and unfavourable tasks. While the Blacks’ worked, the Whites’ disregarded their feelings, by speaking rudely towards their [now depleted] asset. Unlike the other points of discussion, ignorance to another culture group is overwhelmingly evident in present day society and the fictional society devoured by the reader in The Martian Chronicles. As the Black people slowly migrate from the town, described as a â€Å"steady channel of darkness† (p. 92), the White townsmen are shocked. The Caucasian people do not understand the new found backbone or the other race. And they do not understand why the black’s feel a need to go. This ignorant opinion of Black peoples rebellion was common trough the early and mid 1900’s. As bluntly stated by Mr. Teece: I can’t figure why they left now. With things lookin’ up. I mean, everyday they get more rights. What they want, anyway? Here’s the poll tax gone, and more and more states passin’ anti-lynching’ bills, and all kinds of equal rights. What more they want? They make almost as good money as a white man, but still they go. This ignorant mans words show his blindness to equality, sadly this demeanour is generally accepted in his society. The majority of society are racists. The black people only want to be treated as absolute equals; contrastingly,  the white people do not understand this concept. For they see the black’s as not equals but a lesser kind, therefore in there eyes the Black’s should not ask for rights, that they are not entitled to. Mr. Teece asks himself, â€Å"what the want, anyway†, perhaps if he asked a blunt educated Black man, the type of response would be, to stop referring to grown black men as â€Å"boy[s’]†; generally speaking to put an end to their condescending racial speech. As the hurds of black families â€Å"engulf the town† on their way to Mars, the white men do not understand their reasoning for leaving. Mr. Teece and his buddies are ignorant to the general feelings of the Black community, and continually, treat Black’s condescendingly even as they leave. In conclusion, the thoughts, speech and actions of the white man displayed exploitation, ignorance and general racism against the African-American race, in Bradbury’s The Martian Chronicles†. This fictional society has barriers to overcome. If the racist people in this society can follow as quote of Confucius, â€Å"when you meet someone better than yourself, turn your thoughts to becoming his equal. When you meet someone not as good as you are, look within and examine your own self.†, racism could be abolished, and every race, creed or kind could live harmoniously on one planet.

American Identity The Spectrum of Skin Colors Professor Ramos Blog

American Identity The Spectrum of Skin Colors https://www.thoughtco.com/writers-of-the-harlem-renaissance-45326 Music, dance, literature, racial pride, painting and more various cultural and artistic expression began to overflow the in the 1920’s, this period known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance is immensely known for the African American community utilizing artistic and literary expression to establish a platform to advocate against the racial injustice (Standish 40s of themes constantly found in the writings released during this time period are â€Å"hope and oppression, the urban atmosphere, as well as racial pride and solidarity, and social and economic self-sufficiency† (Harden 11). Two authors who were greatly influenced and influencers during the Harlem Renaissance were Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston. Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston illustrate American identity physically, patiently, and pridefully in their writings â€Å"I, Too† and â€Å"How It Feels to Be Colored Me†. Langston Hughes was an African American poet, playwright and activist (Standish 46). Born February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri and died in 1967 (Bailey). Although his father denied sending Hughes to school, Hughes graduated in 1929 from Lincoln University in Pennsylvania (Bailey). To this time today, Langston Hughes’s work is said by many to embody the â€Å"Harlem Renaissance’s themes of historical pain, racial pride, and artistic renewal† (Standish 46). Hughes was even considered an â€Å"unapologetic voice of black America† speaking for Harlem (Standish 41). In his poetry, Hughes mimic â€Å"the rhythms of jazz and blues music† (Bailey). At some point in Harlem, New York Langston Hughes collaborates in writing a play called â€Å"Mule Bone† with his new apprentice, Zora Neale Hurston (Russell 130). Zora Neale Hurston is one of the most influential American writers. Hurston was born in Notasugla, Alabama on January 7,1891 and died January 28,1960 (Jones 18). In 1929, she graduated from Barnard College in 1929 and was awarded fellowship by Columbia University after conducting two years of graduate work in anthropology (Jones 20). Hurston wrote novels, short stories, essays and more. In the majority of her writings, Hurston wrote about the â€Å"interior lives of southern blacks and whites, their gender relations, honor codes, and self-reliance† (Patterson 599). Hurston’s was also an anthropologist which gave her further insight in African American culture to create the fundamental writings of the Harlem Renaissance (Russell 130-131). Her writing is said to reveal her â€Å"quirky and fearless personality† but was looked down upon by others (Russell 126). Both authors illustrate in their writings American identity has no relation to the color of a person’s skin. In Langston Hughes’s poem â€Å"I, Too†, he declares â€Å"I, too, sing America/ I am the darker brother† (Hughes lines 1-2). By saying he also â€Å"[sings] America† Hughes is explaining he also identifies as American. Hughes the brings up the color of his skin, while it is darker, is just another way an American person comes to look. He what he calls himself â€Å"the darker brother† also indicating that they are part of the same family, the American family. While Hughes uses the analogy of family Zora Neale Hurston utilizes a metaphor to get the same message across. In Hurston’s short story â€Å"How It Feels to Be Colored Me† she explains, â€Å"I feel like a brown bag of miscellany propped against a wall. Against a wall in company with other bags, white, red, and yellow. Pour out the contents and there is discovered a jumble of small things priceless and worthless† (Hurston 943). Hurston is describing that while the outside of a person is different in color, their insides are made up of the same material. Both authors are arguing the physical attributions that cause stir when it comes to American Identity. They believe they are just as American as the lighter skinned Americans. When the authors are met with the racist attitudes from others, their responses are something that one would not believe. To clarify, Hughes and Hurston make it apparent in their writings that they do not mope or retaliate when others try to invalidate them of being American due to the color of their skin. In his poem Langston Hughes presents the example, â€Å"They send me to eat in the kitchen / When company comes, / But I laugh, / And eat well, / And grow strong† (lines 3-7). Being sent away from the table makes a person feel isolated and terrible but Hughes describes he does not take it to heart. Hughes rather than shed tears for being sent to solitude he grows from the abuse and will come back stronger. Zora Neale Hurston also displays no hurt when others attempt to discriminate her expressing, â€Å"No, I do not weep at the world – I am too busy sharpening my oyster knife† (Hurston 941). Hurston straight out states she does not cry to others for their pity but instead remains â€Å"sharpening [her] oyster knife†. Stating this Hurston means she is also preparing for her comeback. The authors state these cases to demonstrate that while they are not fighting back, but they are getting ready for when the right time comes, their time, whatever and whenever that may be. Through this the authors exhibit the composure and civility of American identity. Hughes and Hurston even go as far as to being a little vain when it comes to the rejection they face. In their writings, the authors explain it is wrong for others not be around them or treat them so unfairly because they believe they are not American due to the color of their skin but each author allows the slander to bounce off. Langston Hughes goes on to assure readers, â€Å"Besides / They’ll see how beautiful I am / And be ashamed – / I, too, am American† (Hughes lines 15-18). Hughes explains that those who have done him wrong, segregating him because of the color of his skin, will feel remorseful for what they have done. He goes as far as to call himself â€Å"beautiful† showing he feels no embarrassment for the color of his skin, he still is American. Hurston is also onboard exhibiting the same self-admiration in times of others disapproval. Zora Neale Hurston confidently expresses, â€Å"It merely astonishes me. How can any deny themselves the pleasure of my company?† (Hurston 943). Hurston also feels that because the Americans of lighter sk in do not want to accompany her in any kind of way, they are the ones that miss out on enjoying her persona. Both authors show that although the American Identity, in that time period, has negative connotations of those with darker skin they themselves keep living their own lives allowing the others to deal with their negative mindsets because they know they are American. Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston wrote â€Å"I, Too† and â€Å"How It Feels to Be Colored Me† in a more positive perspective in order to show that while at first, they are not thought as part of the American identity, they truly are. Although these pieces of writing are written during the time period of the Harlem Renaissance that does not make them irrelevant today. The harmful terms and actions that these authors faced in their time do not compare to what a person of dark skin has to deal with today but there is still racism that affects people, of all skin colors, toady. This positive attitude that the authors demonstrate in their writings is a lesson to be taken, society continues to make a change for the better just as American Identity has changed over time with an infinite spectrum of skin colors. Work Cited Bailey, Ellen. â€Å"Langston Hughes.†Langston Hughes (9781429806367), Aug. 2017, pp. 1–2.EBSCOhost,search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=lkhAN=19327994site=ehost-live. Harden, Renata, et al. â€Å"Reading the Harlem Renaissance into Public Policy: Lessons from thePast to the Present.†Afro-Americans in New York Life History, vol. 36, no. 2, July2012, pp. 7–36.EBSCOhost,search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=79324785site=ehost-live. Hughes, Langston. â€Å"I, Too.†The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Vol. 2: 1865 to thePresent, by Nina Baym and Robert S. Levine, W.W. Norton Company, 2013, pp.1039–1040. Hurston, Zora Neale. â€Å"How It Feels to Be Colored Me.†The Norton Anthology of AmericanLiterature, Vol. 2: 1865 to the Present, by Nina Baym and Robert S. Levine, W.W.Norton Company, 2013, pp. 940–943. Jones, Sharon L.Zora Neale Hurston. Salem Press, 2013.EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=nlebkAN=520341site=ehost-live. Patterson, Tiffany Ruby. â€Å"Zora Neale Hurston: A Biography of the Spirit.†Journal of AmericanHistory, vol. 96, no. 2, Sept. 2009, pp. 599–600.EBSCOhost,doi:10.1093/jahist/96.2.599.Journal of AmericanHistory, vol. 96, no. 2, Sept. 2009, pp. 599–600.EBSCOhost,doi:10.1093/jahist/96.2.599. Russell, Mary Catherine. â€Å"Zora Neale Hurston: Scientist, Folklorist, Storyteller.†Pursuit: TheJournal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Tennessee, vol. 8, no. 1, Jan.2017, pp. 125–137.EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=123884543site=ehost-live. Standish, Noah. â€Å"Pain, Pride, Renewal: How Langston Hughes Embodied the HarlemRenaissance.†LOGOS: A Journal of Undergraduate Research, vol. 11, Fall 2018, pp.40–50.EBSCOhost,search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=133022504site=ehost-live.

Television History and the Cathode Ray Tube

Television History and the Cathode Ray Tube The development of electronic television systems was based on the development of the cathode ray tube (CRT). A cathode ray tube aka picture tube was found in all electronic television sets up until the invention of the less bulky LCD screens. Definitions A cathode is a terminal or electrode at which electrons enter a system, such as an electrolytic cell or an electron tube.A cathode ray is a stream of electrons leaving the negative electrode, or cathode, in a discharge tube (an electron tube that contains gas or vapor at low pressure), or emitted by a heated filament in certain electron tubes.A vacuum tube is an electron tube consisting of a sealed glass or metal enclosure from which the air has been withdrawn.A cathode ray tube or CRT is a specialized vacuum tube in which images are produced when an electron beam strikes a phosphorescent surface. Besides television sets, cathode ray tubes are used in computer monitors, automated teller machines, video game machines, video cameras, oscilloscopes and radar displays. The first cathode ray tube scanning device was invented by the German scientist Karl Ferdinand Braun in 1897. Braun introduced a CRT with a fluorescent screen, known as the cathode ray oscilloscope. The screen would emit a visible light when struck by a beam of electrons. In 1907, the Russian scientist Boris Rosing (who worked with Vladimir Zworykin) used a CRT in the receiver of a television system that at the camera end made use of mirror-drum scanning. Rosing transmitted crude geometrical patterns onto the television screen and was the first inventor to do so using a CRT. Modern phosphor screens using multiple beams of electrons have allowed CRTs to display millions of colors. A cathode ray tube is a vacuum tube that produces images when its phosphorescent surface is struck by electron beams. 1855 German,  Heinrich Geissler  invents the Geissler tube, created using his mercury pump this was the first good evacuated (of air) vacuum tube later modified by Sir William Crookes. 1859 German mathematician and physicist,  Julius Plucker  experiments with invisible cathode rays.  Cathode rays  were first identified by Julius Plucker. 1878 Englishmen,  Sir William Crookes  was the first person to confirm the existence of cathode rays by displaying them, with his invention of the Crookes tube, a crude prototype for all  future  cathode ray tubes. 1897 German, Karl Ferdinand Braun invents the CRT oscilloscope - the Braun Tube was the forerunner of todays television and radar tubes. 1929 Vladimir Kosma Zworykin  invented a cathode ray tube called the kinescope - for use with a primitive television system. 1931 Allen B. Du Mont made the first commercially practical and durable CRT for television.

50 Compelling Argumentative Essay Topics

50 Compelling Argumentative Essay Topics An argumentative essay requires you to decide on a topic and take a position on it. Youll need to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and information as well. One of the hardest parts is deciding which topic to write about, but there are plenty of ideas available to get you started. Choosing a Great Argumentative Essay Topic Students often find that most of their work on these essays is done before they even start writing. This means that its best if you have a general interest in your subject, otherwise you might get bored or frustrated while trying to gather information. You dont need to know everything, though. Part of what makes this experience rewarding is learning something new. Tips Its best if you have a general interest in your subject, but the argument you choose doesnt have be one that you agree with. The subject you choose may not necessarily be one that you are in full agreement with, either. For example, in college, you may be asked to write a paper from the opposing point of view. Researching a different viewpoint helps students broaden their perspectives.   50 Topic Ideas for Argument Essays Sometimes, the best ideas are sparked by looking at many different options. Explore this list of possible topics and see if a few pique your interest. Write those down as you come across them, then think about each for a few minutes. Which would you enjoy researching? Do you have a firm position on a particular subject? Is there a point you would like to make sure and get across? Did the topic give you something new to think about? Can you see why someone else may feel differently? A number of these topics are rather controversial and thats the point. In an argumentative essay, opinions matter and controversy is based on opinions, which are, hopefully, backed up by facts.  If these topics are a little too controversial or you dont find the right one for you, try browsing through persuasive essay topics  as well. Is global climate change  caused by humans?Is the death penalty effective?Is our election process fair?Is torture ever acceptable?Should men get paternity leave from work?Are school uniforms beneficial?Do we have a fair tax  system?Do curfews keep teens out of trouble?Is cheating out of control?Are we too dependent on computers?Should animals be used for research?Should cigarette smoking be banned?Are cell phones dangerous?Are law enforcement cameras an invasion of privacy?Do we have a throw-away society?Is child behavior better or worse than it was years ago?Should companies market to children?Should the government have a say in our diets?Does access to condoms prevent teen pregnancy?Should members of Congress have term limits?Are actors and professional athletes paid too much?Should athletes be held to high moral standards?Are CEOs paid too much?Do violent video games cause behavior problems?Should creationism be taught in public schools?Are beauty pageants exploitative?Should English be the official language in the United States? Should the racing industry be forced to use biofuels?Should the alcohol drinking age be increased or decreased?Should everyone be required to recycle?Is it okay for prisoners to vote?Should gay couples be able to marry?Are there benefits to attending a single-sex school?Does boredom lead to trouble?Should schools be in session year-round?Does religion cause war?Should the government provide health care?Should abortion be illegal?Are girls too mean to each other?Is homework harmful or helpful?Is the cost of college too high?Is college admission too competitive?Should euthanasia be illegal?Should marijuana be legal?Do rich people need to pay more taxes?Should schools require foreign language or physical education?Is affirmative action fair or not?Is public prayer okay in schools?Are schools and teachers responsible for low test scores?Is greater gun control a good idea?

The Biology of Sleep Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Biology of Sleep - Essay Example Human beings often underestimate the importance of sleep in their lives. Contrary to popular belief, sleep is not a passive phenomenon. It is a dynamic process during which the body recharges, recovers and recuperates. Several physiological systems of the body undergo repair while we sleep. Thus, sleep deprivation can lead to serious health implications. According to the National Sleep Foundation in the United States, human infants require as much as sixteen hours of sleep, while human adults require about eight to nine hours of sleep every night. Women in the first 3 months of pregnancy often need several more hours of sleep than usual. The amount of sleep a person needs also increases if he or she has been deprived of sleep in previous days. Sleep is particularly important for the brain. Even 24 hours of continuous wakefulness can lead to reduced memory and concentration ability, hallucination and mood swings. Precisely how sleep affects human beings is still an area of intense research. Scientists are still trying to comprehend the molecular and physiological functioning of the body in the sleeping stage. But studies conducted so far have only reiterated that sleep is essential for survival. One such study conducted on rats revealed that sleep deprived rats had a severely shortened life span and a breakdown in the immune system. The normal life span of rats is 2-3 years, however sleep deprived rats live for only 3 weeks. These rats develop abnormal low body temperatures and sores on their tails and paws. (Mostaghimi, 2005) Researches conducted over the ages have theorised about the possible functions of sleep. As mentioned earlier, healing and repair are two of the key functions of sleep. A study conducted revealed that sleep hastened the healing process of burn wounds in rats. (Gumustekin et al, 2004) Sleep also forms an important means of energy conservation especially when a person is ill. This probably happens because cytokines, chemicals our immune systems produce while fighting an infection, are powerful sleep-inducing chemicals. Sleep may help the body conserve energy and other resources that the immune system needs to mount an attack. The body is in a quiescent stage while sleeping and considerably less energy is spent in the physiological functioning of the body. Sleep might also be an anabolic state marked by physiological processes of growth and rejuvenation of the organism's immune, nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems (with some exceptions). When a person is in deep sleep, growth hormo nes are released in the body. Also, proteins, which form the building blocks of the body, are produced in large numbers during sleep. The most important function underway in a sleeping human being is memory processing. Scientists have successfully correlated sleep to memory. Sleep helps the brain commit new information to memory through a process called memory consolidation. More specifically, working memory was shown to be adversely affected by sleep deprivation. Working memory keeps information active for further processing and supports higher-level cognitive functions such as decision making, reasoning, and episodic memory. (Turner, 2007) Stages of Sleep A human being usually passes through five stages of sleep. The first four stages can be

New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc - Essay Example In reality, management seeks to develop a balance between product diversity and production feasibility. As markets mature and competitive pressures increase, more emphasis is given to product diversity. A challenging problem is the prediction of acceptance rates and market-development cycles. However, this cannot be done precisely at the start. But as companies gain better models and data, more precise market adjustments become possible. "If NB2E was to be successful-approaching Tompkins' goal of 100% availability within 24 hours while reducing inventory levels-manufacturing cycle times had to be dramatically reduced. These changes required complete realignment of factory operations" (Bowen et al 2008, p. 11). This pressing strategy has two sides: on the one hand it will require additional financial spending and restructuring within the company, on the other hand it will help New Balance to respond effectively to increased market pressure. "Doing this would require us to reduce work in process significantly and get the line associates and supervisors to embrace that change. The real challenge would be to keep making shoes every day while this transformation was ongoing." (Bowen et al 2008, p. 11). Product strategy is usually couched in terms of product success. However, management must be realistic about product failures -- new-product failure must be part of overall company expectations. Of course, newproduct failures can be eliminated by going out of business. But staying in business implies that new products will be developed and some will fail. Companies must determine an acceptable failure rate for their new products. Low failure rates are not always complimentary statistics, since they may indicate a lack of innovative ability and risk-taking (Crawford 2006). The second pressing strategy is structuring of supply chain. Successive channel stages attempt to overcome any discrepancy between product assortment and market requirements. Customer requirements of one or two units are at variance with supplier requirements of mass production. "In terms of manufacturing cost, labor and overhead each accounted for roughly 25% of the total, while materials accounted for the remaining 50%." (Bowen et al 2008, p. 9).Channels are thus used to overcome barriers. These barriers include the separations of time and space between producers and markets, the costs of moving goods, the communications barriers between producers and users of products, and the separation of demand. In surmounting such barriers, middlemen serve two groups -- manufacturers and customers. Their economic justification stems from performance of their functions more effectively than others. "New Balance continued to forge closer partnerships with its suppliers" (Bowen et al 2008, p. 9) . In order to improve the situation, New Balance could develop a new line of products targeted at low class consumers. The idea is to develop a product line which meets daily needs of a beverage consumer but its manufacturing process is based on professional sport shows technology and materials. In product development, for example, screening, consumer reaction,

Money and Banking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Money and Banking - Assignment Example Money supply as defined by Fed does not include bank reserves. It only includes such money that may be used for exchanging goods and services. On the other hand, demand deposits and all other cash which can be used for transactions are included in the money supply.  The money supply in the form of loans is in the form of cash. so, money supply in cash is equal to the number of loans.   STRONG DOLLAR: strong dollar happens when U.S. dollar increases to a level with respect to any other currency which has a high rate of exchange for other currency which is relative to the dollar. WEAK DOLLAR: Weak dollar occurs when U.S. dollar falls to a level with respect to another currency that possesses high exchange rates for other currency that is relative to the dollar. INTEREST RATE POLICY AND DOLLAR STRENGTH: The interest rate policy affects the strength and weakness of the dollar to a great extent. An increase in interest rate will increase the demand for the dollar so that more investments can be made in U.S. assets. Thus the value of the dollar will also increase. Increase in value means strong dollar. Thus, the dollar will get stronger with higher interest rates. On the other hand, the lower the interest rates, the weaker will be the dollar due to the same reason. DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE:   If we analyze the exchange rate of Dollar with respect to major countries Broad Index, we see that in January 2009, the dollar exchange rate was 89.5039 which reduced to 80.3001 by the end of September 2011. The decrease was gradual and consistent. However, the exchange rate rises initially till March 2009 after which it started falling. It was 77.83 by the end of July 2011. However, it rises in August and September and reaches to 80.3001 in September 2011. EFFECT OF DOLLAR STRENGTH/ WEAKNESS ON CONSUMERS, BUSINESS AND ECONOMY: The exchange rate analysis of dollar for the past two years reveals that the dollar is continually weakening. This weakness will affect all the consumers and businesses and will also have impacts on the economy of the country. The economists are of the view that weak dollar will affect every aspect of the economy. The prices of consumers clothing, electronic, the rates of mortgages and job markets will all be affected by the dollar value. The weakness in dollar value also asserts an increase in oil prices. This increase will definitely affect the producers. Their production costs will rise. Consequently, the producers will increase the prices of consumer goods. This will affect consumers and thus, the whole economy would be affected. the weakness of dollar will also affect some other currencies. This is due to the reason that as the dollar got weaker and weaker; the investors will tend to search for some other currencies to which are relatively stable as compared to Dollar. This will increase the demand for other currencies and decrease in the demand for the dollar. Consequently, the interest rate will tend to decrease. This will affect the deposits of individuals and businesses in the banks. Finally, this will again have an impact on the whole economy.

Egyptian Mythology, Egyptians and Tanakh Creations Story Essay - 6

Egyptian Mythology, Egyptians and Tanakh Creations Story - Essay Example The creation stories in the Tanakh and Egyptians epic are similar in that all things were created by the deity conceiving something and pronouncing it by his tongue. The creation stories are also different. The creation stories in the Tanakh have only one Supreme Being, who creates everything. But in the Egyptian and Mesopotamia creation epics, there are many gods, and they are struggling against each other. In the Mesopotamians epic, the opposing force (Tiamat) is destroyed through war but in the Tanakh, the opposing force is not destroyed but cursed. In the Egyptians epic story, the deity is represented by nature like the cloud, sun, earth, sky, etc. But in the Tanakh, God is beyond nature and creation, and He is not part of creation. Biblically, a covenant refers to an agreement between God and His people. God makes promises which He faithfully fulfills if the people abide by the conditions set in the covenant. In the creation, God created Adam and gave him dominion over the earth on the condition that He will not eat the tree of Knowledge of good and evil(Gen 2:17). But Adam disobeyed and ate the fruit and hence broke the covenant and, as a result, was cursed and cast out of Eden. Later on, the world became very corrupt, and God decided to destroy the whole earth by water but saved Noah and his household (Gen 6:7-8). After the Flood had receded, God made a covenant with Noah that God will never again destroy the world by water. After the flood, the people came together and decided to build the tower of Babel that was to reach the sky (Gen 11:3-4). God come and confused the people with different languages, and they were scattered (Gen 11:8). God desired to save man, and He called Abraham so that through Him, the man could come into a relationship with God (Gen 17:1-8). Abraham was to live faithfully and blameless before God. Israelites were not only a people of the covenant but also a political  community. The captives of Judah were allowed to return to Jerusalem by Cyrus, King of Persia in his first year of rule. Ezra and Nehemiah record the reconstitution of the nation of Judah through the rebuilding of the temple.  

The Feasibility of Virtual Fitting Room in the Fashion Industry Literature review

The Feasibility of Virtual Fitting Room in the Fashion Industry - Literature review Example The essay "The Feasibility of Virtual Fitting Room in the Fashion Industry" explores Virtual Fitting Room, its Feasibility in the fashion. Technology, in the modern day business, transcends the use of online retail stores towards the use of mobile applications and sophisticated software. It is arguable that the virtual fitting room application is highly feasible in contemporary fashion business. The advent of fashion stores helped transform shopping, as customers would acquire access to products without visiting physical stores. These stores provide applications for carts and financial transaction. Online shopping has recently developed thereby threatening to replace traditional shopping in real shops. Some shoppers, however, still prefer real sopping to online shopping for notable cited reasons. To begin with, there are serious security concerns, as fraudsters establish sites for conning consumers. In addition, there are grave technical difficulties that some customers face while ma king transactions. For instance, remembering passwords is often one of the major technical issues that customers face. In spite of the online shopping development in fashion marketing, the issue of size and measure remains a great hindrance to online shopping. It is essential to highlight that size and fit are rarely standard across all brands. This leads to a significant amount of product returns thereby hindering sales and creating extra costs for retailers. The use of augmented reality directly solves this problem.

Eastern religious traditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eastern religious traditions - Essay Example Accordingly, the tradition belief of the Islamic religion is peculiar in numerous ways; however, its pillars are fundamental in its description and appreciation. The Islamic tradition reveals that, the God, Allah of the Muslim believers is one, ancient with nothing foregoing Him; He is everlasting without end, abiding without termination and subsisting without cessation. This explanation intends to explain the strength and respect bestowed to Allah. It is imperative to note that the tradition attributed to the Islamic religion is immensely attributed to the major distinct features of Allah. They include transcendence, life and power, knowledge, will, hearing and sight, speech and works. It is realizable that from these distinct features the character traits of Allah are manifested. Some of them include a hearer. He hears His peoples supplication; He speaks in various forms such as commanding, threatening promising and forbidding. Moreover, the Quran describes Allah as the source of l ife and power as He manifests Himself as the Almighty, powerful and all subduing. â€Å"Who is the Lord and Sustainer of the heavens and the earth?" Say: "It is Allah." Say: "Do ye then take (for worship) protectors other than Him such as have no power either for good or for harm to themselves?" Say: "Are the blind equal with those who see? Or the depths of darkness equal with Light?" Or do they assign to Allah partners who have created (anything) as He has created so that the creation seemed to them similar? Say: "Allah is the Creator of all things: He is the One the Supreme and Irresistible.† (Holy Quran Chapter 13 Surah Raad verse 16). It is evident that this tradition of the Islamic religion involves God called Allah. This study reveals that, Allah is the God of the Islamic believers and none rescinds His command nor supplements His decrees. It is notable that His attributes as described do not resemble

The Feasibility of Virtual Fitting Room in the Fashion Industry Literature review

The Feasibility of Virtual Fitting Room in the Fashion Industry - Literature review Example The essay "The Feasibility of Virtual Fitting Room in the Fashion Industry" explores Virtual Fitting Room, its Feasibility in the fashion. Technology, in the modern day business, transcends the use of online retail stores towards the use of mobile applications and sophisticated software. It is arguable that the virtual fitting room application is highly feasible in contemporary fashion business. The advent of fashion stores helped transform shopping, as customers would acquire access to products without visiting physical stores. These stores provide applications for carts and financial transaction. Online shopping has recently developed thereby threatening to replace traditional shopping in real shops. Some shoppers, however, still prefer real sopping to online shopping for notable cited reasons. To begin with, there are serious security concerns, as fraudsters establish sites for conning consumers. In addition, there are grave technical difficulties that some customers face while ma king transactions. For instance, remembering passwords is often one of the major technical issues that customers face. In spite of the online shopping development in fashion marketing, the issue of size and measure remains a great hindrance to online shopping. It is essential to highlight that size and fit are rarely standard across all brands. This leads to a significant amount of product returns thereby hindering sales and creating extra costs for retailers. The use of augmented reality directly solves this problem.

Wgs10 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wgs10 2 - Coursework Example With the rising technology and demand for new weapons, women have secured positions in the weapon industries and also control rooms. Despite women joining the military in respective fields, they have faced several challenges which deprive them their basic rights. For instance, the women serving the military overseas either working in clubs or massage parlors, they are at risk of being abused sexually or even being infected with STIs (Vigil 473). These risks and enormous challenges they face while serving in the military, leaves a lot of questions on whether their basic rights are being preserved or is really humanity towards their rights being observed? These challenges the women face while in the war fronts and in the military base, majority of them go unreported (Vigil 466). The case for militarized prostitution which is very rampant in the overseas scenario, may end up being unrecognized by the human rights watch. After the September 11, 2001 terror attack in the U.S, more military actions were taken a step which saw more demand of extra workforce. In the Iraq war which U.S had participated fully, saw relocation of a good number of its military to Iraq. This step by the then president, George Bush was highly condemned in the streets as even women matched ahead and demanding their sons back. This was a step to ensure peace in their country and safety for everybody (Vigil 475). Women serving in the military are exposed to very many risks which deprive them their basic rights. They always stand high chances of being misused and abused either physically or sexually. This is very wrong for them and it is not right for them to be in the military bases and war fronts. More young men should be trained to replace them and the

Examining The Theories For Effective Practice

Examining The Theories For Effective Practice My choice to apply these two theories to the case scenario of Ms Joanna is based on the structure of these methods. Payne (2005, p 97) cites that Both crisis intervention and task-centred practice reflect a contemporary trend towards brief, focused and structured theories that deal with immediate, practical problems. Because of the recent diagnosis of breast cancer, Joanna is faced with some difficult decisions concerning her sons future. She wants to be sure that she would make the best decision available. Therefore task-centred approach would be the best way for her to achieving this and any other problems that might arise during the exploration process. Task-centred approach tends to be very structured and person-centred and it can be oriented to ease the most pressing problems. Task-centred practice has been developed within SW itself and tested in a wide variety of circumstances. The procedural aspect of task-centred practice has clearly been shaped by community care policy and care management. Time-limits, plan and contract based are key features of care management practice (Ford and Postle, 2000). The method is informed by a theoretical framework, which includes elements of systems theory, ego psychology, behaviourism, and empowerment theory. Hence the precise form it may take will be influenced by one or more of these theoretical traditions. Task-centred practice draws heavily from other problem solving methodology such as positive reframing from family therapy (Payne, 1997) and is in direct contrast to the more paternalistic professional practice traditionally employed. The values of self-determination and empowerment are central, as the service user, in this case Joanna, is seen as the best authority on her problems. Task-centred work fits closely with concepts of partnership and participation, in that Joanna should be fully informed and as fully involved as possible through out this process. Its principle stance on open, collaborative and accountable practice is clearly compatible with the values of AOP (Doel and Marsh, 1992). Ford and Postle (2000, p 53) the approach is focused on problem-solving, and is short-term and time-limited. The principle aim of task-centred work is to resolve problems presented by the service user. Hence the starting point of this practice is the problem. Task-centred practice is characterised by mutual clarity and therefore should only be carried out under the following three conditions. The service user must acknowledge the problem and be willing to work on it, they should be in a position to take action to reduce the problem and the problem must be specific and limited in nature. In this scenario Joanna has presented herself to the social worker, she has asked for help in decision making. Firstly the SW has to identify the main components and problems. For the SW this would be a task which would need careful consideration, planning and analysis. The recent diagnosis of an advanced breast cancer requires Joanna to explore different options for planning her sons future. Therefore the initial phase of task-centred practice is problem exploration. During this phrase key problems are identified, and then prioritised. There should be a maximum of three problems where the SW would be working on with Joanna. Too many selected problems will probably lead to confusion and dissipated effort Doel and Marsh (1992, p 31). Having identified the problem(s) the SW would then find out what Joanna wants are. Once the basis for work is established, the SW and Joanna precede in a series of incremental steps towards the goal(s). According to Doel and Marsh (1992) the journey from agreeing the objective to achieving it is measured in small steps called tasks. These are put into place by Joanna and the SW. As a result this would help Joanna in achieving her objective and the alleviation of the problem. Methods or techniques for achieving the task(s) should be negotiated with Joanna. Task-centred practice is designed to enhance the problem solving skills of participants. Therefore it is important that tasks undertaken by clients involve elements of decision making and self-direction. The task-centred approach would enable fast and effective support to Joanna. The time-limit is a brief statement about the likely length of time needed to reach the goal Doel Marsh (1992, p 51). A time limit is important for a number of reasons. It guards against drift, allows time for a review and encourages accountability. It also acts as an indicator of progress (Adams, Dominelli and Payne, 2002). The task stage is made up of a series of developments and reviews. The execution of reviews is important as it allows for an assessment of the success of the steps taken. The ending of the process of task-centred work will have been anticipated at the initial phrase. The concluding session should include a review of the work that has been accomplished by Joanna in order to alleviate the target problem. The main advantage of the task-centred practice are that it does not mean simply assigning tasks but it is a very well researched, feasible, and cost-effective method of working. The source of the problem is not presumed to reside in only the service-user. Attention is paid to external factors such as welfare rights and housing, and where there is scope to supply power it is taken in the form of information and knowledge giving. It also addresses the strengths of people and their networks. Task-centred attempts to put worker and client on the same level Coulshed Orme (1998, p 123). Althought the advantages to task-centred practice can be easily identified, the disadvantages and drawbacks are not as easy, as they are based on research. Therefore, it is not only looking at the approach widely and hypothesising disadvantages, but putting the approach into practice and gathering relevant information to analyse any negative conclusions. Some of these disadvantages would be that underlying problems requiring longer term approaches may go unnoticed, it requires sustained efforts from service user who may sometimes be unable to do this due to physical or emotional strengths. Clients may be overwhelmed by problems and unable to deal with them in a structured way. However the SW would still have a positive gain by improving their capacity for clearer thinking and forward planning, which in turn brings on successful intervention Coulshed Orme (1998, p 119). Moving on to Crisis intervention, which can be quite diverse with the models that uses. Payne (199, p 101) states that crisis intervention uses elements of ego-psychology from psychodynamic perspective. It focuses on the service-users emotional responses or reactions to external events and how to control them. Strategies of crisis intervention are based on psychological theory However, these are adapted and modified to fit the demands of the crisis situation. Crisis is a universal concept which affects people from all cultures. James and Gilliland define a crisis as a perception or experiencing of an event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the persons current resources and coping mechanisms (2001, p 3). People in crisis situations may overlook or ignore important details and distinctions that occur in their environment and might have trouble relating ideas, events, and actions in a logical way. Crisis intervention, therefore, is an action plan to help people cope with immediate acute stressful demands. Hence, as crisis intervention focuses on resolving immediate problems and emotional conflicts through a minimum number of contacts. The first stage would be to enable the service-user to make sense of what has happened to them and to begin to feel in control. Drawing on Joannas situation, one can easily see that this type of approach would benefit her in many ways. Joannas cancer is advanced and the life-time left may not be very long. She is aware of her health situation and would need help with her emotional situation as well as Jacobs. Joanna sees herself in a state of emotional disequilibrium and is struggling to adjust and find a new sense of balance of all her problems, her emotional situation might seem insuperable at the time. Joana does not feel in control of her life anymore but still is trying to manage. Crisis intervention, intervenes when people have reached a situation in their lives they can no longer cope with. Thompson (2005, p 69) describes it as a turning point in peoples lives which creates a lot of energy that can be used positively to tackle problems, resolve difficulties and move beyond previous barriers to progress. This would empower and help Joanna to identify her major problems and find better coping mechanisms. By providing support such as home visits this would help with the breakdown of care for her son and family as well as offer Joanna time for herself to come to terms with her illness. The methods I would use are the Roberts (1995, p 18) seven stage model. The first stage would be by assessing lethality. Although Joanna presented herself to the SW she might not be the only person most at risk: it might be that Jacob is facing emotional reaction that can even lead to self harm. Therefore the SW should plan and conduct a crisis assessment as well as lethality measures. James and Gilliland emphasise that assessment should be a constant part of crisis intervention, because of rapidly changing emotions Payne (2005, p 105). The second stage of this model would be establishing a rapport and effective communication skills. This can be easily achieved by genuinely respecting and accepting Joanna and her family and sometimes reassuring that behaviour is not unreasonable or unexpected, this may help to achieve the rapport building. In the third stage the SW has to Identify what Joanna sees as her major problems. Myers (2001) distinction between affective, cognitive and behavioural aspects of the reaction to the crisis are also relevant here (Payne, 2005: 107). In the fourth stage the social worker would be actively working on Joannas feelings and emotions, as when dealing with an immediate problem, it can be easy to miss out or avoid to focus on feelings. The fifth stage involves looking at the past coping mechanisms. In Joanas situation, the death of her partner can be seen as a success. Success should be highlighted and reinforced Payne (2005, p 108). In stage six Joana would be working with her SW to understand why the crisis situation was so distressing. Finding a way to manage the situation and formulating an action plan that works for her, so that she can reach her goals and would feel empowered. In the final stage the SW has to make sure that Joanna would feel able to return if further problems arise and establish an action plan for Joanna and family, to help them indentify likely stressful points in the future. During this process, the SW should remain self aware of own biases and vulnerabilities and recognize how these could have an impact on her own judgment and actions. Payne, (1996, p 43) quotes that the term intervention is oppressive. It indicates the moral and political authority of the social worker to invade the social territories of service users. Even though Joanna presented herself for help, she could still see this intervention as being intrusive; this may oppress her and make her feel powerless. She has had the main role of the parent and house keeper in the family and may feel that these have been taken away from her. Joanna may feel detached from her family and internalize the problem, and may not focus on the situation; instead she may focus on the intrusion. So the SW may not get a true picture of her feelings and may interpret things wrongly and make assumptions. Crisis intervention can be seen as oppressive at times as it demands quick answers in a short time frame. Therefore not taking into consideration different culture background which may see this as questioning and make them feel discriminated against. In conclusion both try to improve peoples capacity to deal with life problems. Crisis intervention uses practical tasks to help people readjust; they place great importance in the emotional response to the crises and the chances of peoples capacity to manage their everyday problems in the future. Task-centred work focuses on performances in practical tasks which will resolve particular problems. Success in achieving tasks helps emotional problems. Crisis intervention has a theory of origin of life difficulties. Task-centred work takes problems as given, to be resolved pragmatically. Payne (2005) In summary, I have discussed task-centred and crisis intervention approaches and identified that despite their different origins and differing emphasis, both these approaches have a role to play in promoting the anti-oppressive approach in SW practice by restoring as much control as possible and validating and celebrating strengths. They both reject the long term intervention of psychodynamic work which makes the service-user more dependent on the worker. Both theories promote the time limited and more focused way of working with service-users. Although the approaches have limitations, they provide frameworks for SW to engage with the service-users in the most effective way.

The Old South and John Crowe Ransom :: John Crowe Ransom Writers Poems Essays

The Old South and John Crowe Ransom Most remember it as a time of dashing young heroes on horseback, fair damsels in distress, and majestic castles hidden from the vulgarity of daily life by the cool shade of fragrant magnolia and honeysuckle. It was a time and place so far removed from today’s fast moving, billboard covered world that one could easily imagine that this lost civilization existed on some far off continent, or perhaps not at all. However, the fact remains that once upon a time the old South did exist, and there are many people still who feel that the loss of this culture and its ideals is nothing short of a tragedy. One such individual was John Crowe Ransom, a man whose life was tempered with his intense yearning for the tradition and stability that the old South embodied, and that has been lost forever amid the skyscrapers and factories that have replaced the cotton fields and plantation homes of long ago. The power that the old South held for Ransom drove his works, as can be evidenced in his poem, â€Å"Old Mansion,† which describes his ultimately futile attempts to return to the old traditions. The common thread unifying Ransom’s work is that of longing for the stability and tradition that the old South embodies. As in his essays, this poem explores the possibilities of what unlocking the secrets of this lost era might entail, and what benefits could be reaped in today’s society from such an undertaking. In this poem, Ransom fails; however, the poem remains an important step in his journey to seek out the old traditions and integrate them into a modern framework. To begin this journey, Ransom introduces the â€Å"old mansion† as a concrete concept to represent the traditional values and lifestyles sought. Every bit of the structure, from its ivied columns, crumbling graveyard, and ultimately, its inhabitants themselves, serve as parables for Ransom’s search. The language in the opening stanzas clearly demonstrates the reverence and personal affinity Ransom feels for the plantation home, i.e. the old South. Yet despite the fact that he wants nothing more than to return to this way of life, he still refers to himself as an â€Å"intruder† (ln 1) into this world that he cherishes so highly. Clearly, despite Ransom’s desire for a return to these simpler times, he maintains a feeling of respect for the past itself, and is not attempting to relive it. He is an intruder in this past, yet he wants desperately to understand its meaning, rather than just appreciate its beauty.

Superstition in Julius Caesar :: Classics, Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

Superstition was an important concept in the Roman times, as it was the driving force in countless actions of the populace at that time. Shakespeare conveys the idea that many people tried to circumvent what the future held, such as unfortunate events, by being superstitious. This is exceedingly eminent in Julius Caesar, as it influences the basic daily life of the Roman citizens. From naked thonged men to ghosts, almost every person has to deal with superstition, a task that many seem to take as life changing. In Julius Caesar, superstitious feelings within the characters alter their choices regarding life, death, and revenge. The setting of the first scene with Caesar is based upon a superstitious belief, The Feast of Lupercal. Marullus states â€Å"You know, it is the feast of Lupercal† (I.i.67). This was a time of sexual glorification when infertile women attempted to procreate while fertile women sought more offsprings. Caesar’s apprehension concerning his wife’s infertility is illustrated here when he commands Antony, â€Å"Forget not in your speed, Antonius/ To touch Calphurnia.†(I.ii.6-7) He greatly anticipates that she will bear him a child as a result, which exhibits pronounced superstition. However, he (like many others) will change his view on superstitious actions. In the beginning of the scene, a soothsayer, old in his age, cautions Caesar to "Beware the Ides of March,"(I.ii.18) an admonition of Caesar's portending death. Out of Caesar’s haughtiness, and his low regards towards the old man, he overlooks it saying he is a dreamer. However, it was not only Caesar who took superstition into account; many other citizens were afflicted by their conviction in omens as well. Casca’s chronicle of the seven portentous phenomenon he witnessed gives notice to the fact that he believes it is a message from the gods that an evil was going to befall Rome. â€Å"Do so conjointly meet, let not men say/ 'These are their reasons; they are natural; / For, I believe, they are portentous things.†(I.iii.29-31) Furthermore, people sometimes couldn’t make decisions on their own, so they would go to the Augerers. Augerers were what you would call today, â€Å"psychics† and people would often seek their counsel on crucial affairs. When Caesar requests consultation with them after getting an earful of Calphurnia’s shrieks whilst asleep, he does not like what he hears. His servant returns and relays to him, â€Å"They (the Augerers) could not find a heart within the beast.†(II.ii.40). This unfavorable omen implies that calamity awaits Caesar should he leave his house that day.

The Base Stock Model

The Base Stock Model 1 Assumptions ? Demand occurs continuously over time ? Times between consecutive orders are stochastic but independent and identically distributed (i. i. d. ) ? Inventory is reviewed continuously ? Supply leadtime is a fixed constant L ? There is no fixed cost associated with placing an order ? Orders that cannot be fulfilled immediately from on-hand inventory are backordered 2 The Base-Stock Policy ? Start with an initial amount of inventory R. Each time a new demand arrives, place a replenishment order with the supplier. An order placed with the supplier is delivered L units of time after it is placed. ? Because demand is stochastic, we can have multiple orders (inventory on-order) that have been placed but not delivered yet. 3 The Base-Stock Policy ? The amount of demand that arrives during the replenishment leadtime L is called the leadtime demand. ? Under a base-stock policy, leadtime demand and inventory on order are the same. ? When leadtime demand (invent ory on-order) exceeds R, we have backorders. 4 Notation I: inventory level, a random variable B: number of backorders, a random variable X: Leadtime demand (inventory on-order), a random variable IP: inventory position E[I]: Expected inventory level E[B]: Expected backorder level E[X]: Expected leadtime demand E[D]: average demand per unit time (demand rate) 5 Inventory Balance Equation ? Inventory position = on-hand inventory + inventory onorder – backorder level 6 Inventory Balance Equation ? Inventory position = on-hand inventory + inventory onorder – backorder level ? Under a base-stock policy with base-stock level R, inventory position is always kept at R (Inventory position = R ) IP = I+X – B = R E[I] + E[X] – E[B] = R 7 Leadtime Demand ? Under a base-stock policy, the leadtime demand X is independent of R and depends only on L and D with E[X]= E[D]L (the textbook refers to this quantity as ? ). ? The distribution of X depends on the distribution of D. 8 I = max[0, I – B]= [I – B]+ B=max[0, B-I] = [ B – I]+ Since R = I + X – B, we also have I–B=R–X I = [R – X]+ B =[X – R]+ 9 ? E[I] = R – E[X] + E[B] = R – E[X] + E[(X – R)+] ? E[B] = E[I] + E[X] – R = E[(R – X)+] + E[X] – R ? Pr(stocking out) = Pr(X ? R) ? Pr(not stocking out) = Pr(X ? R-1) ? Fill rate = E(D) Pr(X ? R-1)/E(D) = Pr(X ? R-1) 10 Objective Choose a value for R that minimizes the sum of expected inventory holding cost and expected backorder cost, Y(R)= hE[I] + bE[B], where h is the unit holding cost per unit time and b is the backorder cost per unit per unit time. 11 The Cost Function Y (R) ? hE[ I ] ? bE[ B] ? h( R ? E[ X ] ? E[B]) ? bE[ B] ? h( R ? E[ X ]) ? (h ? b) E[ B] ? h( R ? E[ D]L) ? (h ? b)E ([ X ? R]? ? h( R ? E[ D]L) ? (h ? b)? x ? R ( x ? R) Pr( X ? x) ? 12 The Optimal Base-Stock Level The optimal value of R is the smallest integer that satisfies Y (R ? 1) ? Y ( R) ? 0. 13 Y ( R ? 1) – Y ( R) ? h ? R ? 1 ? E[ D]L ? ? (h ? b)? x? R? 1 ( x ? R ? 1) Pr( X ? x ) ? h ? R ? E[ D]L ? ? (h ? b)? x ? R ( x ? R) Pr( X ? x) ? h ? (h ? b)? x? R? 1 ? ( x ? R ? 1) ? ( x ? R) ? Pr( X ? x) ? h ? (h ? b)? x ? R? 1 Pr( X ? x) ? h ? (h ? b) Pr( X ? R ? 1) ? h ? (h ? b) ? 1 ? Pr( X ? R) ? ? ? b ? (h ? b) Pr( X ? R) ? ? ? ? 14 Y ( R ? 1) – Y ( R) ? 0 ? ?b ? (h ? ) Pr( X ? R) ? 0 b ? Pr( X ? R) ? b? h Choosing the smallest integer R that satisfies Y(R+1) – Y(R) ? 0 is equivalent to choosing the smallest integer R that satisfies b Pr( X ? R) ? b? h 15 Example 1 ? Demand arrives one unit at a time according to a Poisson process with mean ?. If D(t) denotes the amount of demand that arrives in the interval of time of length t, then (? t) x e t P r( D ( t ) ? x ) ? , x ? 0. x! ? Leadtime demand, X, can be shown in this case to also have the Poisson distribution with (? L ) x e L P r( X ? x ) ? , E [ X ] ? L , and V ar ( X ) ? ? L . x! 16 The Normal Approximation ? If X can be approximated by a normal distribution, then: R * ? E ( D ) L ? z b /( b ? h ) V ar ( X ) Y ( R *) ? ( h ? b ) V ar ( X )? ( z b /( b ? h ) ) ? In the case where X has the Poisson distribution with mean ? L R * ? ? L ? z b /( b ? h ) ? L Y ( R *) ? ( h ? b ) ? L ? ( z b /( b ? h ) ) 17 Example 2 If X has the geometric distribution with parameter ? , 0 ? ? ? 1 P ( X ? x ) ? ? x (1 ? ? ). ? E[X ] ? 1? ? Pr( X ? x ) ? ? x Pr( X ? x ) ? 1 ? ? x ? 1 18 Example 2 (Continued†¦) The optimal base-stock level is the smallest integer R* that satisfies Pr( X ? R * ) ? b b? h ln[ b ] b ? h ? 1 ln[ ? ] ? 1? ? R * ? 1 b ? ? R* ? b? h b ? ? ln[ ]? ? * b? h ? R ? ln[ ? ] ? ? ? ? 19 Computing Expected Backorders ? It is sometimes easier to first compute (for a given R), E[I ] ? ? R x? 0 ( R ? x ) Pr( X ? x ) and then obtain E[B]=E[I] + E[X] – R. ? For the case where leadtime demand has the Poisson distribution (with mean ? = E(D)L), the following relationship (for a fixed R) applies E[B]= ? Pr(X=R)+(? -R)[1-Pr(X? R)] 20

Management Information Systems Assignment Report

115. 107 Management Information Systems Assignment Report Contents Part 1 – ER Diagram2 Part 2 – Tables and Keys3 Part 3 – Queries4 Part 4: Spreadsheet filters and pivot tables7 List of Figures Figure 1 – ER diagram for event management system of hotel2 Figure 2 – Query 1 QBE for staff allocation4 Figure 3 – Query 1 output for staff allocation4 Figure 4 – Query 2 QBE for scheduled events beginning of October5 Figure 5 – Query 2 output for scheduled events beginning of October5 Figure 6 – Query 2 database report for scheduled events beginning of October6Figure 7 – Query 3 QBE for total number of registered participants6 Figure 8 – Query 3 output for total number of registered participants7 Figure 9 – Spreadsheet data with no filers or conditional formatting applied7 Figure 10 – Spreadsheet with the â€Å"show only events commencing after 15th October filter applied7 Figure 11 – Spreadshe et with the ‘show only events commencing after 1st November as underlined' conditional formatting applied8 Figure 12 – Pivot table8 Figure 13 – Pivot table as a bar chart8 List of TablesTable 1 – Attributes for ER diagram for event management system of hotel2 Table 2 – Attributes for ER diagram for event management system of hotel3 Part 1 – ER Diagram StaffMember Venue Event Registration Attendee Reserved for Manages Accept Makes Applies to 1.. * 1.. * 1 1 1 0.. * 0.. * 0.. * 0.. * Payment Accept 0.. * 0.. * 1 Gains entry Client System Presents 0.. * Record Details 1 0.. * Inputs 1.. * 1.. * Figure [ 1 ] – ER diagram for event management system of hotel Table [ 1 ] – Attributes for ER diagram for event management system of hotel Entity Type| Attributes| Key attribute|Venue| venueID, venueCapacity, venueDescription| venueID| Event| eventID, eventName, eventType, startDate, endDate, startTime, endTime, availableSpaces, eventFee| e ventide| StaffMember| staffID, firstName, lastName, jobTitle | staffID| Registration | registrationID, registrationDate, eventID | registrationID| Attendee| attendeeID, firstName, lastName, title, companyName, contactAddress, phoneNo | attendeeID| Payment| paymentAmount, paymentDate, paymentType, paymentCredit, creditcardID, creditcardName, creditcardExpiry| paymentID| Client| clientName, companyName, contactAddress, contactPhone, clientIndustry, clientNeeds| clientID| System| systemClient, systemAttendee, systemVenues, systemInvoice, | systemID| Part 2 – Tables and Keys Table [ 2 ] – Attributes for ER diagram for event management system of hotel Table| Column| Primary Key| Comments|VenueTbl| venueID, venueCapacity, venueDescription| venueID| | EventTbl| eventID, eventName, eventType, startDate, endDate, startTime, endTime, availableSpaces, eventFee, staffID| eventID| staffID is a foreign key into StaffMemberTbl. | StaffMemberTbl| staffID, firstName, lastName, jobTitle | staffID| | RegistrationTbl| registrationID, registrationDate ,eventID, attendeeID| registrationID| eventID is a foreign key into EventTbl while attendeeID is a foreign key into AttendeeTbl| AttendeeTbl| attendeeID, firstName, lastName, title, companyName, contactAddress, phoneNo, eventID, registrationID| attendeeID| RegistrationID is a foreign key into RegistrationTbl while event ID is a foreign key into EventTbl. ReservedforTbl| eventID, venueID, attendeeID, | reserveID| eventID is a foreign key into EventTbl while attendeeID is a foreign key into AttendeeTbl| Part 3 – Queries Query 1 -StaffAllocation Figure [ 2 ] – Query 1 QBE for staff allocation Figure [ 3 ] – Query 1 output for staff allocation Query 2 – YearEndSchedule Figure [ 4 ] – Query 2 QBE for scheduled events beginning of October Figure [ 5 ] – Query 2 output for scheduled events beginning of October **For unknown reasons, event 9, 16 & 17 is not listed in the search result e ven when the date falls within the range as set out in the criteria. I have attempted to modify the criteria selection to cover between the date range of 30/09/2011 – 01/01/2050 etc but it has still failed to come up. Query 2 – Year End ReportFigure [ 6 ] – Query 2 database report for scheduled events beginning of October Query 3 – Registration Numbers Figure [ 7 ] – Query 3 QBE for total number of registered participants Figure [ 8 ] – Query 3 output for total number of registered participants Part 4: Spreadsheet filters and pivot tables Figure [ 9 ] – Spreadsheet data with no filTers or conditional formatting applied Figure [ 10 ] – Spreadsheet with the show only events commencing after 15th October filter applied Figure [ 11 ] – Spreadsheet with the ‘show only events commencing after 1st November as underlined' conditional formatting applied Figure [ 12 ] – Pivot table Figure [ 13 ] – Pivot table a s a bar chart

Culture and the Collective Consciousness: Nelly Richard and Crítica Cultural Essay

French born but Chilean based, Nelly Richard is an influential figure within contemporary Latin American cultural studies, though she has often taken issue with the use of this term to describe her work. A leading proponent of psychoanalytical and feminist understandings of the social, Richard, editor of the Revista de Crà ­tica Cultural between 1990 and 2008, is an innovative thinker responsible for creating a way of approaching cultural analysis which has been dubbed crà ­tica cultural. Her conceptual framework privileges theoretical insights gleaned from structuralism, which in French includes what is commonly referred to in the Anglo academy as post structuralism. Our discussion of her work focuses on her vision of the role of the social sciences in Latin America today. Richard questions the conceptual underpinning of these disciplines and argues for a more thoroughly contextualised understanding of the relationship between knowledge production and power. Richard, Nelly. â€Å"The Social Sciences: Front Lines and Points of Retreat†. In The Insubordination of Signs: Political Change, Cultural Transformation and Poetics of the Crisis. London: Duke University Press, 2004. Beasley-Murray, Jon. â€Å"Reflections in a Neoliberal Store Window: Nelly Richard and the Chilean Avant-garde†. Art Journal 64 (3): 126–129. PDF Pino-Ojeda, Walescka. â€Å"Critica cultural y marginalidad: Una lectura al trabajo de Nelly Richard†. Revista de Crà ­tica Literaria Latinoamericana, Aà ±o 25, No. 49 (1999), pp. 249-263. PDF Del Sarto, Ana â€Å"Cultural Critique in Latin America or Latin-American Cultural Studies?† Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies: Travesia, Volume 9, Issue 3, 2000. PDF

Difference between the USA and UK government type and the difference Essay

Difference between the USA and UK government type and the difference in the checks and balances. (UK unwritten checks and balances list) (USA written checks and balances) - Essay Example UK’s unwritten checks and balances ascribe the legislature with sovereignty and other judicial bodies do not object the statutes that result from the legislature. In a way, this gives the government seemingly unconstrained power because the majority party has the power to pass many bills. USA’s written checks and balances are different because they are codified and this gives them authority. These checks and balances limit and bind all political institutions and establish a hierarchy of law. USA’s political institutions are subjected to judicial review, the judiciary can override a decision by the executive, and the executive can veto a decision made by the legislature (Hauss 459). UK’s unwritten checks and balances recognizes the powers of the monarch as a forth arm of the government in the UK. For example, the queen can dissolve or refuse to dissolve the parliament during emergency. On the other hand, USA’s written checks and balances recognize the judiciary, legislature, and executive as the three arms of government. The checks and balances provide that only the executive can force the legislature to adjourn. UK’s unwritten checks and balances provide that a judges’ council appoint senior judicial elements. Conversely, USA’s written checks and balances task the executive with the role of appointing judges that the legislature approves (Hauss 460). The unwritten checks and balances of the UK stipulate that courts can decide whether a document is a genuine Act. Different from this stipulation, USA’s checks and balance allow the judicial arm of government to interpret the law. UK’s unwritten checks and balance allows the Lord Chancellor to impeach judges while according to USA’s checks and balances, the legislature can impeach judges. UK’s unwritten checks and balances stipulate that the House of the Lords be not democratically elected whereas USA’s written